SOCIAL

INSTITUTIONS
JOVAN B. ALITAGTAG, MEM
Instructor I, Teacher Education
College of Education
 What is social institution?
Is a social structures and social
mechanisms of social order and cooperation
that govern the behavior of its members.

Is a group of social positions, connected by social

relations, performing a social role.

Any institution in a society that works to socialize

the group of people in it.
Characteristics of an Institution
Palispis (1996)

1. Institutions are purposive.

2. Relatively permanent in content.
3. Institutions are structured.
4. Institutions are a unified structure.
5. Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
Functions of an Institution
1. Institutions simplify social behavior for
the individual person.
2. Provide ready-made forms of social relations
and social roles for individual.

3. Act as agencies of coordination and stability for the

total culture.
4. Control behavior.
 Education

Religion
Major Social Economic
Institutions
Institutions

Government
as Social
Institution The Family
 The FAMILY

 The smallest social institution with the

unique function or producing and rearing
the young.

 It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the

educational system where the child begins to learn
his ABC.

 The basic agent of socialization because it is here

where the individual develops values, behaviors, and
ways of life through interaction with members of the
family (Vega, 2004).
Characteristics of the Filipino Family

1. The family is closely knit and has

strong family ties.
2. The Filipino family is usually extended one and
therefore, big.

3. In the Filipino family, kinship ties are extended to

include the “compadre” or sponsors.
Functions of the Family
1. Reproduction of the race and rearing
of the young.
2. Cultural transmission or enculturation.
3. Socialization of the child.
4. Providing affection and a sense of security.
5. Providing the environment for personality
development and the growth of self-concept in
relation to others.
6. Providing social status.
Kinds of Family
…according to STRUCTURE

a. Conjugal or Nuclear Family -the

primary or elementary family
consisting of husband, wife and
children.
b. Consanguine or Extended Family -consist
of married couple, their parents, siblings,
grandparents, uncles, aunt s, and cousins.
Kinds of Family
…according to term of MARRIAGE

a. Polyandry -one woman is married

to two or more men at the same time.
b. Polygamy -one man is married to two or
more women at the same time.
c. Cenogamy - two or more men mate with two
or more women in group marriage.
Kinds of Family
…according to DESCENT

a. Patrilocal -when the newly married couple

lives with the parents of the husband.
b. Matrilocal - when the newly married couple
lives with the parents of the wife.
c. Neolocal - when the newly married pair
maintains a separate household and live by
themselves.
Kinds of Family
…according to AUTHORITY

a. Partriarchal - when the father is considered

the head and plays a dominant role.
b. Matriarchal - when the mother or female is
the head and makes the major decisions.
c. Equalitarian - when both father and mother
share in making decisions and are equal in
authority.
 The RELIGION

 is a system of beliefs and rituals that

serves to bind people together through
shared worship, thereby creating a
social group.

 set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a sacred or

supernatural realm that guides human behavior and
gives meaning to life among a community of believers.
 Characteristics of Religion

1. Belief in a Deity.

2. A doctrine of salvation.

3. A code of conduct.

4. Religious rituals.
Functions of Religion
Calderon(1998)

1. Serves as a means of social control.

2. Exerts a great influence upon personality

development.

3. Allays fear of unknown.

Functions of Religion

4. Explains events or situations which

are beyond comprehension of man.
5. Gives man comfort, strength and hope in
times of crisis and despair.
6. It preserves and transmit knowledge, skills,
spiritual, and cultural values and practices.
Functions of Religion

7. It serves as an instrument of change.

8. Promotes closeness, love,
cooperation, friendliness and
helpfulness.
9. Alleviates sufferings from major calamities.
10. It provides hope for a blissful life.
1. Church – tends to be large, with inclusive membership, in low
tension with surrounding society.

2. Sect – has a small, exclusive membership, high tension with

society.

3. Cult – more innovative institutions and are formed when people

create new religious beliefs and practices.
(Audience, Client, Movements)
 Four Elements of Religion

1. Sacred and profane.

2. Legitimation of norms.

3. Rituals.

4. Religious community.
1. Church – tends to be large, with inclusive membership, in low
tension with surrounding society.

2. Sect – has a small, exclusive membership, high tension with

society.

3. Cult – more innovative institutions and are formed when people

create new religious beliefs and practices.
(Audience, Client, Movements)
 ECONOMIC Institutions

MICROECONOMICS
 Concerned with the specific economic units
of parts that makes an economic system and
the relationship between those parts.

 Emphasis is placed on understanding the behavior of

individual firms, industries, households, and ways in
which such entities interact. (Spencer, 1980;
Javier,2002)
 ECONOMIC Institutions

MACROECONOMICS
 Concerned with the economy as a whole, or
large segments of it.

 It focuses on such problems as the role of

unemployment, the changing level of prices, the
nation’s total output of goods and services, and the
ways in which government raises and spends money.
 ECONOMIC Institutions

BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

 What goods and services to produce and

how much?

 How to produce goods and services?

 For whom are the goods and services?

 GOVERNMENT
as an Institutions
 Is the institution which solves conflicts
that are public in nature and involve
more than a few people.

 The SC defines government as the institution by which

an independent society makes and carries out those
rules of action which are necessary to enable men to
live in a social state, or which are imposed upon the
people for that society by those who possess the
power or authority of prescribing them.
Three Branches of Government

1. Executive

2. Legislative

3. Judicial
 Types of Government

1. Monarchy

2. Democracy

3. Authoritarianism
4. Totalitarianism
 Conflicts in Government

1. Revolution

2. War

3. Terrorism
 Functions of Government

1. The Constituent Function

2. The Ministrant Function

 EDUCATION

 a form of learning in which the

knowledge, skills, and habits of a
group of people are transferred
from one generation to the next
through teaching, training, or
research.
Functions of School
Mcnergney & Herbert(2001)

-described the school as first and

foremost a social institution, that is
, an established organization
having an identifiable structure and
a set of functions meant to
preserve and extend social order.
Functions of School
Mcnergney & Herbert(2001)

School is the place for the

contemplation of reality, and our
task as a teacher , in simplest
terms, is to show this reality to our
students, who are naturally eager
about them.
 Functions of School
Intellectual Purposes
 to teach basic cognitive skills
such as reading, writing, and
mathematics;
 to transmit specific knowledge.
 Functions of School
Political Purposes
 to inculcate allegiance to the existing political
order(patriotism)
 to prepare citizens who will participate in the
political order
 to assimilate diverse cultural groups into
political order
 to teach children the basic laws
 Functions of School
Social Purposes
 to socialize children into the various roles,
behavior, and values of society.

Economic Purposes
 to prepare students for their later occupational roles
 to select, train, and allocate individuals into the
division of labor.
Multiple Functions of School
 Technical- Economic

 Human/ Social

 Political

 Cultural

 Education
Manifest Functions of Schools
 Social Control

 Socialization

 Social Placement

 Transmitting Culture

 Promoting Social & Political Integration

 Agent of Change
Latent Functions of Schools

 Restricting some activities.

 Matchmaking and production of social

networks.

 Creation of generation gap.

Functions of School
Calderon(1998)

 Conservation Function

 Instructional Function

 Research Function

 Social Service Function