INTRODUCTION

Brick selection is made according to the specific application in which the brick will be
used. Standards for brick cover specific uses of brick and classify the brick by
performance characteristics. The performance criteria include strength, durability and
aesthetic requirements.
ASTM International (ASTM) - American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM international (ASTM) publishes the most widely accepted standards on bricks.
They are reviewed and updated periodically.
 TYPES OF BRICKS
on basis of their usage

Facing Brick Facing brick are intended for use in both structural and nonstructural
masonry where appearance is a requirement.
Hollow Brick Hollow brick are used as either building or facing brick but have a greater
void area. Most hollow brick are used as facing bricks. Hollow brick with very large cores
are used in reinforced brickwork and contain steel reinforcement and grout.
Building Brick Building brick are intended for use in both structural and nonstructural
brickwork where appearance is not a requirement. Building brick are typically used as a
backing material.
Thin Brick Thin veneer brick have normal face dimensions but a reduced thickness.
They are used in adhered veneer applications.
Paving Brick Paving brick are intended for use as the wearing surface on clay paving
systems. As such they are subject to pedestrian and light or heavy vehicular traffic.
Glazed Brick Glazed brick have a ceramic glaze finish fused to the brick body. The glaze
can be applied before or after the firing of the brick body. These brick may be used as
structural or facing components in masonry.
Facing brick

Hollow brick

Building brick
 Thin brick

Paving brick

Glazed brick
 TYPES OF BRICKS
MODULAR AND NON-MODULAR
Modular brick are sized such that the specified dimension plus the intended mortar joint
thickness equal a modular dimension. Generally, modular dimensions are whole
numbers without fractions that result in modules of 4 in. or 8 in. for imperial units or 100
mm for SI units. A modular brick has a set of nominal, specified and actual dimensions
as referenced above.
A non-modular brick has a set of specified and actual dimensions but does not have
nominal dimensions.
Advantages that a modular brick has over traditional brick are many, such as:
i) requires less drying area
ii) saving in space of floor area
iii) economy in cost of brick masonry
iv) saving in labour cost
v) less losses during handling, etc
vi) less consumption of mortar
 TYPES OF BRICKS
on basis of their baking

1. Unburnt Bricks:
•These bricks are dried through sun light. It is also called Sun-dried Bricks.
•Very low strength as compared to other types of bricks.
•First-time bricks were used, in sun-dried form (unburnt Bricks), in Egypt some
6000 years ago.
2. Burnt Bricks:
•Commonly in today’s age are burnt bricks.
•Prepared and burnt in a kiln.
•High strength as compared to unburnt bricks.
 General quality of burnt clay bricks as per IS
1.
1077-1986
Bricks shall be hand-moulded or
machine moulded and shall be made
from suitable soils. They shall be free
from cracks and flaws and nodules of
free lime.
2. Hand-moulded bricks of 90 or 70 mm
height shall be moulded with a frog 10
to 20 mm deep on one of its flat sides;
the shape and size of the frog shall
conform to either Fig. IA or Fig.
Bricks of 40 mm height as well as
those made by extrusion process may
not be provided with frogs.
3. The bricks shall have smooth
rectangular faces with sharp corners
and shall be uniform in color.
NOTE - Burnt clay bricks having compressive strength
less than 40 N/mm2 ( approx 400 kgf/cm2 ) are
covered in this standard and for higher
strength, see IS 2180 : 1988.
 TYPES OF BURNT BRICKS
First class bricks:
(1) Plain surface, sharp edges and size with tolerance in dimensions +-3%
(2) Uniform red or brownish colored, free from flaws, cracks, chips, stones, etc
(3) High crushing strength, not less than 10.7 N/mm2
(4) Machine moulded
(5) Efflorescence- NIL
(6) Water absorption less than 15%.
(7) Give a ringing sound when two bricks are struck together.
USE: They are used for the exterior wall brick works, short columns and arches.

Second class bricks:

(1) Slightly uneven faces and edges with tolerance in dimensions +-8%
(2) Uniform colored but may be slightly over burnt.
(3) Low crushing strength, not less than 7 N/mm2
(4) Hand moulded
(5) Efflorescence- Little
(6) Water absorption less than 20%.
USE: They are used for internal walls and compound walls. For exterior work plastering is
to be done. May not be used for flooring.
 TYPES OF BURNT BRICKS
Third class bricks:
Specifications:
(1) May be distorted with blunt edges.
(2) Over burnt or under burnt and non uniform color.
(3) Very low crushing strength, not less than 3.5N/mm2
(4) Hand moulded
(5) Efflorescence- Large
(6) Water absorption less than 25%.
USES: They are used for flooring, paving, small brick foundations and brick bat lime
concrete(B.B.L.C.).
Orientation of bricks
Types of bricks on basis of
modification in shape
 SURVEY REPORT
1. Prices of brick :
First class: Rs. 3700/1000 bricks
Second class: Rs. 3100/1000 bricks
Third class: Rs. 2200/1000 bricks
2. Stock of brick :
2000-2500 bricks in stock , which are of first or second class only .
3. Storage :
Stored on roads .
4. Transportation and loading/unloading :
Transported through trucks , tractor , trolley , Tata ace , Bullock carts .
Vehicle driver does work of loading/unloading and transportation both .
Truck Strength – 8000 / 6000 / 4000 bricks
Tractor Strength – 2500 / 3000 bricks
5. Brought from Kanota , Itawa(UP) , Ronwal , Aligarh , Khandela , Haryana etc .
Bricks imported from UP have high prices upto rs.7/Brick , but do not require
plastering therefore , costs similar to bricks imported from nearby places .
6. Strength of bricks
Cement > Clay > Fly-ash
 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
The standard sizes of the facing bricks shall be as below: 300 × 100 × 50 mm, 230 × 110
× 75 mm, 190 × 90 × 90 mm and 190 × 90 × 40 mm .
According to Indian standard(IS: 1077: 1992) bricks are classified into the following
categories:
Classes of common burnt clay bricks:
Class Designation Average compressive strength not less than[ (N/mm^2) (kg/cm2)
35 35 350
30 30 300
25 25 250
20 20 200
17.5 17.5 175
15 15 150
12.5 12.5 125
10 10 100
7.5 7.5 75
5 5 50
3.5 3.5 35
 REFRENCE
 https://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.3495.1-4.1992
 www.gobrick.com
 http://cpwd.gov.in
 http://civilengineeringmaterials2012.blogspot.in
 http://www.bis.org.in
 https://www.rbkc.gov.uk (international)
 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://cidco.maharashtra.etenders.in