T T

t Tt
t

GENETICS
PUNNETT SQUARE
 EXPECTATION
Make predictions about possible
outcomes of various genetic
combinations of inherited
characteristics.
 PUNNETT SQUARE
RULES
PARENT’S GENES

A Punnett square is
a tool used to

PARENT’S GENES
predict the possible
genotypes for the
offspring of two
known parents.
 VOCABULARY
Alleles Different forms of a trait that R, r, T, t
a gene may have
Homozygous An organism with two alleles RR, rr, TT, tt
that are the same
Heterozygous An organism with two Rr, Tt
different alleles for a trait
Phenotype The physical appearance of Tall, short, curly, straight
an organism (what we look
like)
Genotype The genes of an organism RR, TT, Rr, Tt, rr, tt

Dominant A trait that dominates or Represented by an uppercase

covers up the other form of letter
the trait
R or T
Recessive A trait that is covered up by a Represented by a lowercase
dominant trait letter
r or t
 PUNNETT SQUARE
1. The parent’s alleles
go on the OUTSIDE R R
of the square.

RR X rr r

r
 HOW TO USE A PUNNETT
SQUARE
1. The parent’s alleles 2. DROP the
go on the OUTSIDE of letters on the top
the square.
R R into each square.

r Rr Rr

NOTE: The
ORDER DOES r Rr Rr 3. MOVE
NOT matter in the each letter on
boxes, but the side into
uppercase first is a each square.
good rule.
 HOW TO USE A PUNNETT
SQUARE
WHAT DO THE
RESULTS SHOW? RESULTS:

If B is the
B B
PHENOTYPIC:
DOMINANT
allele for BLACK 100% BLACK
b Bb Bb 4:0 RATIO, BLACK
TO BROWN
And b is the
RECESSIVE allele
for BROWN GENOTYPIC:
b Bb Bb 100% Bb
Then, we can make 4:0 ALL Bb
predictions about
the outcomes.
 HOW TO USE A PUNNETT
LET’S LOOK AT
SQUARE
ANOTHER WHAT ARE
PUNNETT SQUARE THE RESULTS?
AND PREDICT T t
THE OUTCOME. PHENOTYPIC:
75% TALL
T is the TT Tt
DOMINANT T 25% SHORT

allele for tallness. 3 : 1 RATIO:

TALL TO SHORT

t is the tt GENOTYPIC:
RECESSIVE allele t Tt
1TT: 2Tt: 1tt
for shortness. 1:2:1 RATIO
25 %TT, 50% Tt,
25% tt
 PUNNETT SQUARE
PRACTICE
Complete Punnett Square:

a. Yellow is dominant (Y).

b. Green is recessive (y).
c. Father - yy
d. Mother - Yy
e. Identify the phenotype and
genotype.
 PUNNETT SQUARES
Set up the square.
Complete PunnettSquare:

a. Yellow is dominant (Y).

b. Green is recessive (y).
c. Father - yy
d. Mother - Yy
e. Phenotype –
f. Genotype –
 PUNNETT SQUARES
KEY
Complete Punnett Square:
Y y
a. Yellow is dominant (Y)
b. Green is recessive (y)
y Yy yy

c. Father - yy
d. Mother - Yy
y Yy yy
e. Phenotype - 50% Yellow
and 50% green
f. Genotype - 50% Yy and 50% yy