KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH
BY: RHENN B. SONGCO
WHAT DOES A RESEARCH DESIGN
LOOK LIKE?

Blueprint or detailed plan for

conducting a study
 LINKING THE PURPOSE TO THE
DESIGN

• to describe variables,
• to examine relationships,
• to determine differences,
• to test a treatment,
• to provide a base of evidence for
practice
WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

• Formal, objective, rigorous, systematic

process for generating information
• Describes new situations, events, or
concepts
• Examines relationships among
variables
• Determines the effectiveness of
treatments
4 KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN
1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
- Describes new situations, events, or
concepts
- Descriptive research design is a
scientific method which involves
observing and describing the behavior
of a subject without influencing it any
way.
 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• Data collection is mostly observational

in nature

• Descriptive research involves

gathering data that describe events
and then organizes, tabulates, depicts,
and describes the data collection.
 CORRELATIONAL STUDY

• is a quantitative method of research in

which you have 2 or more quantitative
variables from the same group of subject
and you are trying to determine if there is
a relationship between the 2 variables.
• Determine the strength and type of
relationship
• Explains what is seen
• No cause and effect
 QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

- Causal-Comparative Study
- Examines cause-and-effect
relationships
• Less control by researcher than
true experimental designs
• Samples are not randomly
selected
 EXAMPLE

• To perform an educational experiment, a

class might be arbitrarily divided by
alphabetical selection or by seating
arrangement. After this selection, the
experiment proceeds in a very similar way to
any other experiment, with a variable being
compared between different groups, or
over a period of time.
 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

- True experimentation
- Use the scientific method to establish cause-
effect relationship among a group of
variables in a research study.
• Uses experimental and control groups
• Random assignment of the sample to the
experimental and control groups
 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

- It is a collection of research designs which

use manipulation and controlled testing to
understand causal process.
- One or more variables are manipulated to
determine their effect on a dependent
variable.
VARIABLE CONTROL OF
VARIABLE
1. Student science 1. Random
background assignments of
2. Teacher students to groups
3. School 2. An independent
variable; each
4. Ability level teacher uses
different methods
3. A constant;
students of only one
school are included
4. Statistically enrolled,
Type of design Key focus & control Researcher Intervention Example
of Variables control applied

Descriptive Observational; Uncontrolled No A description of

Describe ‘what is’; teenager’s attitudes
Variables not towards smoking
controlled

Correlational Explores and Uncontrolled No A study of the

observes relationship between IQ
relationships among and clinical depression
variables; variables
not controlled

Quasi- Tests for causality Partially Yes A study of the effect of

Experimental with suboptimal controlled an after school physical
variable control; activity program on
independent childhood obesity rates.
variable not
manipulated
Experimental Test causality with Highly Yes A study of the effect of
optimal variable controlled a new diet treatment
control; plan on insulin levels in
independent diabetics
variable is
manipulated