Review: Traditional Vocal Music from India:

1. Carnatic music
 refers to music from South India
 directed to a Hindu god, which is why it is called
“temple music”
 music pieces are mainly set for the voice and with
lyrics
 compositions called krti are devotional songs.
2. Hindustani music
 goes back to Vedic period times around 1000 BC
 further developed in the 13th and 14th centuries AD
with Persian influences and from existing religious
and folk music
 predominantly found in the northern and central
regions
 influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions,
historical Vedic religion/Vedic philosophy, native
Indian sounds and enriched by the Persian
performance practices of the Mughal era
 nasal singing is observed in their vocal music
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
• Sanskrit saṃgīta ‘singing together,
concert, music’, from saṃgāy- ‘sing
together’.
• Hindustani Sangeet -North Indian
music.
• Carnatic Sangeet -South Indian music .
5 CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
FROM INDIA

• Ghan
• Avanaddh
• Sushir
• Tat
• Vitat
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF
INDIAN COMPARED TO HORNBOSTEL-SACH
Classification from India Hornbostel-Sach
 Ghan -  Idiophones

 Avanaddh -  Membranophones

 Sushir -  Aerophones

 Tat -  Chordophones

 Vitat -  Chordophones
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
Classification of Musical Instruments from India:
1. Ghan – described as a non-
membranous percussive instrument
but with solid resonators. It is one of
the oldest classes of instrument in
India. It may also be a melodic
instrument or instruments to keep tal.
Ghatam is nothing
more than a large
clay pot.
 A very low
resonance is also
produced by the
cavity. This pitch
is raised or
lowered by
opening or closing
the hole with the
stomach.
 Manjïrà (manjeera)
is a traditional
percussion
instrument of Bhàrata
India.
Kartal are a pair
of wooden blocks or
frames with small
metal jingles
mounted in them.
The term
kartal is
also
applied to
wooden
claves
Nout (a.k.a.
Nuht), is a
small pot used
in Kashmir as a
percussion
instrument.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

2. Avanaddh - described
as a membranous percussive
instrument. This class of
instruments typically comprise
the drums.
Daf (dap) is a
large Persian
frame drum
used in popular
and classical
music. The frame is usually made of
hardwood with many metal ringlets
attached, and the membrane is
usually goatskin.
A man and a
woman
playing a Daf
instrument
Tabla (or tabl, tabla)
is a membranophone
percussion
instrument (similar to
bongos-Afro-Cuban/
Latin-American drum),
which is often used
in Hindustani
classical music.
The instrument
consists of a pair of
hand drums of
contrasting sizes and
timbres. It appears
similarto their Afro-
Cuban/Latin-American
drum-based relatives.
The dhol is a double-
sided barrel drum
played mostly as an
accompanying
instrument in regional
music forms.
The dhol is played using
two wooden sticks, usually
made out of bamboo and
cane wood..
Someone who
plays the dhol is
known as dholi
special
expression of
face and frequent rotation of whole
body is associated with a particular
dholi to perform a realistic
performance
Mr̥idangam
is a barrel shaped
double-ended
drum (the right
head being smaller
than the left). It is
played with both hands. It is the
primary rhythmic
accompaniment in a Carnatic music
and Newa music ensemble.
The word "Mridangam" is Sandhi
or union of the two Sanskrit
words mŗda (clay or earth) and
anga (body),
as early
Mridangam
were made of
hardened clay.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

3. Sushir -also known as

blown air. It is characterized by
the use of air to excite the
various resonators.
The bansuri is a
transverse flute of India
made from a single
hollow shaft of bamboo
with six or seven finger
holes.
The word bansuri originates in the Sanskrit bans
[bamboo] + sur [melody]. There are two varieties of
bansuri: transverse, and fipple..
The shehnai, shahnai, shenai or mangal
vadya, is a double reed oboe, common in India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh and Iran, made out of
wood, with a metal flare bell at the end..
This tubular
instrument
gradually
broadens
towards the
lower end
Shankha is a conch shell which is
of ritual and religious importance in
both Hinduism and Buddhism.
Shankha is a conch
shell.This instrument
has a strong
Association with the
Hindu religion.
The surpeti,
also called swar
pethi, swar peti,
swarpeti, surpeti,
sur peti, sruti
box,or shruti box, is an Indian drone
instrument. It is a small box whose
only function is to provide the drone.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

4. Tat -– referred to as vina

during the old civilization.
Instruments in this class are
plucked (stringed instruments).
Sitar is a plucked
Stringed instrument used
mainly in Hindustani
music and Indian classical
music. A sitar can have
18, 19 or 20 strings.
The instrument is
believed to have been
derived from the
veena, an ancient
Indian instrument,
which was modified by
a Mughal court musician
to conform with the
tastes of his Persian
patrons and named after a Persian
instrument called the Setar (meaning
"three strings").
Ektara (literally "one-
string", also called iktar,ektar,
yaktaro gopichand)
is a one-string
instrument most
often used in
Traditional music
from Bangladesh,
India, Egypt, and
Pakistan.
The ektara is a drone
lute consisting of a
gourd resonator covered
with skin, through which
a bamboo neck is
inserted.
According to ancient classification of Indian
stringed instruments, Gottuvadyam is also one
type of veena. Though both of them have
resemblance, Gottuvadyam (Chitra veena) is
unfretted, where as Veena is fretted.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

5. Vitat – described as bowed

stringed instruments. This is of the
oldest classifications of
instruments and yet did not
occupy a place in classical Indian
music until the last few centuries.
 Sārangī is a
bowed, short-
necked string
instrument from
South Asia which
is used in Hindustani
classical music.
Chikara is a bowed stringed musical
instrument from Bengal, India used to play
indian folk music. It has 3 strings, two horse
hair and one
steel
Esraj (also called
the Indian harp) is
a string instrument
found in two forms
throughout the
north,central, and
east regions of India.
Banam is a class of folk
fiddles found among the
Santal people of North
East India
and
Bangladesh.
The importance
of the banam to
the Santals is
well
represented by
the artwork on
the instruments.
HINDUSTANI SANGEET
CRANATIC SANGEET
PACKETS FOR INSTRUMENT MAKING
THINGS THAT WE NEED TO KNOW WHEN
MAKING A PACKET FOR IMPROVISE
INSTRUMENT
 1. Identify what is the classification of the
instrument according to Hornbostel – Sach
classification.
 2. Identify how the instrument is played.
 3. Identify what are the materials that can be
used as substitute for the materials that is
used for the instrument.
 4. Identify the steps or procedures to construct
the instrument.
INSTRUMENT PACKET TEMPLATE
Name of the Instrument:
Classification:

Materials:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Steps or Procedure:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Explanation/description(reasons for choosing the materials or steps in making the instrument.)