Introduction

• Designed to meet the very large growth in data and connectivity.

• Viable and scalable technology.

• High bandwidth.
 Technology used

• 802.11
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)

• 802.16
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN)

• Ad-hoc Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

Other technologies used were as follows,

Massive MIMO
Millimetre-Wave communications
Beam forming
Multiple Access
 Millimetre wave communications
• Using frequencies higher in frequency spectrum opens up the possibility of
more spectrums and higher bandwidth.
• Since it is vulnerable to atmosphere and meteorological parameters, beam
forming is adapted.
 Massive MIMO
• MIMO technology scales up to hundreds or even thousands of
antennas and terminals.
• Focus the transmission and reception of signal energy into small
regions of space, providing new levels of efficiency and throughput.
• Reduced latency
• Robustness to interference and intentional jamming
• The more antennas that are used, the finer the spatial focusing can
be.
 Beam forming
• It is the subset of MIMO.
• Uses multiple antennas to control the direction of a wave-front
• Weighs the magnitude and phase of individual antenna signals in an
array of multiple antennas.
• If all the elements in the array are isotropic, they radiate equally in all
directions.
• They all have the same gain, and are driven with a signal at the same phase
and power.
 Multiple access
• Variety of new access schemes are being investigated for 5G technology.
• OFDMA,
• SCMA,
• NOMA,
• PDMA,
• MUSA and
• IDMA
• To support higher throughput and massive and heterogeneous connectivity
for 5G networks, novel modulations can be adopted .
• In PDMA, non-orthogonal patterns are allocated to different users to
perform multiplexing. These patterns are carefully designed in the multiple
domains of code, power, and space.
 5G and Previous Generations
5G
New waveforms are produced using
novel technologies
Gbps
Suports massive MIMO
End to end latency are for some ms
Supports mm-wave technology
Supports massive number of devices in
dense environment
4G and earlier
Waveforms are based only on OFDM
Upto hundreds of Mbps
SISO and limited MIMO technologies
End to end latency are of hundreds of
ms
Below 6 GHz bands
Supports minimum number of devices
 Challenges In Migration From 4G
• Multi mode user terminals .

• Choice among various wireless systems.

• Security.

• Network infrastructure and QoS support.

• Charging and Billing .

• Jamming and spoofing.

• Data Encryption.
 5G Enables
Massive machine to machine
communications
IoT involves connecting billions of
devices without human intervention.

Ultra-reliable low latency

communications
Industrial robotics, vehicle to
vehicle communications and safety
systems and Autonomous driving and
safer transport networks.
Low latency communications also
opens up a new world where remote
medical care, procedures, and
treatment are all possible.

Enhanced mobile broadband

Provides significantly faster data
speeds and greater capacity.
 Technological trends
• 5G have some technological trends that helps
to achieve the aforementioned applications.
 Architecture

• LTE will provide a foundational

general connectivity layer, in much
the same way that 2G and 3G
networks did as LTE was first being
deployed.

• LTE will also play a critical role in

providing connectivity for certain
classes of IoT traffic that are less
dependent upon capacity, low
latency or ultra-reliability.
 Protocol Stack
• First two OSI levels – defines
radio access technologies based
on open wireless architecture.
• Network layer - IP (Internet
Protocol) IPv4 or IPv6
This layer is divided into,
Lower network layer (for each
interface)
Upper network layer (for the
mobile terminal)
• Transport layer uses a special
version called open transport
protocol (OTP)
• Provides intelligent QoS (Quality
of Service) parameters, such as,
delay, losses, BW, reliability and
management over variety of
networks.
 Hardware And Software Partitioning
• Provides a reconfigurable and a flexible HW/SW partitioning to
both device and network element architectures.
 Features
• Offers high resolution and bi-
directional large bandwidth
shaping
• The advanced billing
interfaces of 5G technology
make it more attractive and
effective.
• Provides large broadcasting of
datas in Gigabits supporting
almost 65,000 connections.
• Less traffic
 Applications
• Wearable devices
• Highly used in IoT application devices.
• Enabled with AI.
 Advantages
• Access to different wireless technologies at the same time.

• Useful for mobile terminal users.

• Incredible speed and connectivity.

• Drastic reduction in the consumption of energy.

• Enables instantaneous connectivity to billions of devices, the

Internet of Things (IoT) .
 Conclusion
• Designed as an open platform on different layers, from the
physical layer up to the application.

• Have access to different wireless technologies at the identical

time and the terminal should be able to merge different flows
from different technologies.

• 5G technology offers high resolution for the mobile phone

consumers.
 References
[1] Asvin Gohil, Hardik Modi, Shobhit K Patel, “5G Technology of Mobile
Communication: A Survey “2013 International Conference on Intelligent
Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP)

[2] T. Janevski, “5G Mobile Phone Concept” – CCNC conference in Las

Vegas, 2009.

[3] Andreas Georgakopoulas,Evangelos Kosmotos, “Emerging technologies in

software,hardware and management aspects toward the 5G era: Trends and
challenges”,5G networks: fundemental requirements, enabling
technologies, and operation management, first edition.

[4] A. Tudzarov , T. Janevski, “Design of 5G Mobile Architecture”

International Journal of Communication Networks and Information
Security, Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2011.