SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

 PHILIPPINE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE

CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION
CURRENT TRENDS IN LGU
CURRENT ISSUES/PROBLEMS OF LGU
WHAT IS REENGINEERING?
RECOMMENDATION
PHILIPPINE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT CODE
RA 7160 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE

“PUBLIC OFFICE IS A PUBLIC TRUST. PUBLIC OFFICERS AND

EMPLOYEES MUSTAT ALL TIMES BE ACCOUNTABLE TO THE
PEOPLE, SERVE THEM WITH UTMOST RESPONSIBILITY,
INTEGRITY AND LOYALTY, AND
EFFICIENCY, ACT WITH PATRIOTISM AND JUSTICE, AND
LEAD MODEST LIVES.”
- SEC. 1 ARTICLE XI, 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• ENACTED IN OCTOBER OF 1991
• SEN. AQUILINO PIMENTEL JR. – PRINCIPAL
AUTHOR, “FATHER OF PHILIPPINE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT”
• “TO DECENTRALIZE POWER FROM THE
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO THE LGU’S”
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Local Government – a POLITICAL SUBDIVISION of a nation or
state which is CONSTITUTED BY LAW and has SUBSTANTIAL
CONTROL of local affairs. (UP Law Center for Constitutional
Revision Project, part ii, p.712)
 Sec. 15 of RA 7160- every local government unit created or
recognized under this code is a BODY POLITIC and
CORPORATE endowed with powers to be exercised by it in
conformity with law. As such, it shall exercise powers as a
POLITICAL SUBDIVISION of the national government and as
a CORPORATE ENTITY representing the inhabitants of its
territory.
NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
HIERARCHY
 AUTHORITY TO CREATE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT UNITS
• SEC. 6 OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE:
- A LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT MAY BE CREATED, DIVIDED, MERGED,
ABOLISHED, OR ITS BOUNDARIES SUBSTANTIALLY ALTERED EITHER BY
LAW ENACTED BY CONGRESS IN THE CASE OF A PROVINCE, CITY,
MUNICIPALITY, OR ANY OTHER POLITICAL SUBDIVISION, OR BY
ORDINANCE PASSED BY THE SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN OR
SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD CONCERNED IN THE CASE OF A BARANGAY
LOCATED WITHIN ITS TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION, SUBJECT TO SUCH
LIMITATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS PRESCRIBED IN THIS CODE
 ELEMENTS OF A LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
LEGAL
CREATION
LEGAL CREATION - LAW
CORPORATE NAME – LGU’S ARE PUBLIC
CORPORATIONS; INCOME IS A
REQUIREMENT CORPORATE
NAME LGU INHABITANTS

INHABITANTS – NUMBER OF PEOPLE IS A

REQUIREMENT
TERRITORY – LAND AREA AND SPECIFIED TERRITORY

BORDERS ARE REQUIRED

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS IN UNDERSTANDING
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
DECENTRALIZATION ● DEVOLUTION ● DECONCENTRATION ● SUPERVISION ● CONTROL
 DECENTRALIZATION
Public administration theories dealing
with decentralization broadly focus on how
modern bureaucracies are achieved, which have
been defined as efficient, effective, and rational
(Weber 1968: esp. 926-39, 956-89)

This autonomy is constituted by general

policymaking authority and personnel
control, as well as control over public
finances (Rondinelli 1984).
 DECENTRALIZATION

ADMINISTRATION (MOST LGU’S) POWER (BARMM)

• CENTRAL GOVT DELEGATES ADMINISTRATIVE
• ABDICATION OF POLITICAL POWERS IN
POWERS TO POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS
FAVOR OF
• BROADEN THE BASE OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS AN LGU DECLARED TO BE AUTONOMOUS
• TO MAKE LOCAL GOVT’S “MORE RESPONSIVE
• FREE TO CHART THEIR OWN DESTINY
AND ACCOUNTABLE”

• ENSURE FULLEST DEVT AS SELF RELIANT

• SHAPES ITS FUTURE WITH MINIMUM
COMMUNITIES INTERVENTION FROM THE CENTRAL
• TO MAKE THEM EFFECTIVE PARTNERS OF NATL GOVERNMENT
DEVT AND SOCIAL PROGRESS
 DEVOLUTION

• THE ACT BY WHICH THE NATIONAL GOVT CONFERS POWER

AND AUTHORITY UPON THE VARIOUS LGU’S TO PERFORM
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
• “NATIONAL AGENCIES OR OFFICES CONCERNED SHALL
DEVOLVE TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS THE
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PROVISION OF BASIC SERVICES AND
FACILITIES ENUMERATED IN THIS SECTION” – SEC. 17 PAR. E
SUPERVISION

• THE POWER OR AUTHORITY OF AN OFFICER TO SEE THAT

SUBORDINATE OFFICERS PERFORM THEIR DUTIES. IF THE LATTER
FAIL OR NEGLECT TO FULFILL THEM, THEN THE FORMER MAY
TAKE SUCH ACTION OR STEPS AS PRESCRIBED BY LAW* TO MAKE
THEM PERFORM THEIR DUTIES. (MONDANO VS SILVOSA, 1997)
• *ADMINISTRATIVE CASES THROUGH DILG & DOJ, OMBUDSMAN IN
CASES OF CORRUPTION AND GRAFT
 CONTROL

•THE POWER OF AN OFFICER TO ALTER OR MODIFY OR

SET ASIDE WHAT A SUBORDINATE OFFICER HAD DONE
IN THE PERFORMANCE OF HIS DUTIES AND TO
SUBSTITUTE THE JUDGEMENT OF THE FORMER FOR
THAT OF THE LATTER (PELAEZ VS GIMENEZ, G.R. NO. L-
23825, 1965)
BOTTOM UP BUDGETING
•ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES IN CITIZEN
PARTICIPATION IN BUDGETING
•MULTI-SECTORAL
•TARGETS SPECIFIC AND NECESSARY NEEDS
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS RELATED MEASURES

•MOST LGU’S ALREADY HAVE DRRM OFFICES

•ACQUISITION OF DIFFERENT DRRM EQUIPMENT
BECAME COMPETITIVE AMONG LGU’S
•REDUCE PLASTIC USE ORDINANCES
•DILG’S “OPERATION LISTO”
 SEAL OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
• THIS IS A PROJECT WHICH RECOGNIZES LGUS WITH GOOD PERFORMANCE IN INTERNAL
HOUSEKEEPING, PARTICULARLY IN THE AREAS OF LOCAL LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING, RESOURCE GENERATION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND UTILIZATION,
CUSTOMER SERVICE, AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, AS
WELL AS, IN VALUING THE FUNDAMENTAL OF GOOD GOVERNANCE.
• THE SEAL ADVANCES THE PRIMACY OF PERFORMANCE, ACCOUNTABILITY,
TRANSPARENCY AND PARTICIPATION. IN THE 2011 IMPLEMENTATION, ASSESSMENT
FOCUSED ONSOUND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MEASURED THROUGH THE ABSENCE
OF AN ADVERSE OR A DISCLAIMER COA OPINION ON LOCAL; FINANCIAL
TRANSACTION AND ON TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURED THROUGH
THE OBSERVANCE OF THE FULL DISCLOSURE POLICY.
SEAL OF GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE
• The Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) originated from the Seal of
Good Housekeeping (SGH). It is the departments response to the clamor
of the people for integrity and performance in public service. SGLG
therefore, challenge local governments to continue good governance
practices while providing better public services.

• Thus, the Seal of Good Local Governance symbolizes integrity and good
performance of local governments. It is a continuing challenge for
provincial, city, and municipal governments to do better today and in
the years to come.
POLITICAL DYNASTIES

•WITH THE ABSENCE OF AN ENABLING LAW FOR THE

ANTI-POLITICAL DYNASTY PROVISION OF THE
CONSTITUTION, LGU’SBECOME MOST VULNERABLE TO
DYNASTIES
•MORE THAN 50% OF LGU’S IN THE PHILIPPINES HAVE
POLITICALDYNASTIES
•DYNASTIES = CORRUPTION AND POVERTY
CORRUPTION
•PHILIPPINES SUFFERS WIDESPREAD CORRUPTION.
•MEANS OF CORRUPTION INCLUDE GRAFT, BRIBERY,
EMBEZZLEMENT, NEPOTISM AND PATRONAGE.
BUREAUCRATIC RED TAPE

• obstructive official routine or procedure; time-

consuming bureaucracy (Cambridge)

• Apparently, red tape, like beautiful things, may lie

only in the eyes of the beholder; it may be perceived
only by the person inconvenienced by the procedure.
PEACE AND
SOCIAL VICES
ORDER

FINANCIAL &
HUMAN
RESOURCES

NATURAL APATHY OF
CITIZEN & CIVIL
DISASTER
SERVANTS
REENGINEERING
 IS “THE FUNDAMENTAL RETHINKING AND RADICAL
REDESIGN OF BUSINESS PROCESS TO ACHIEVE DRAMATIC
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRITICAL, CONTEMPORARY MEASURES
OF PERFORMANCE SUCH AS COST, QUALITY, SERVICE AND
SPEED.” ( Hammer and Champy 1993:32)
“IT MEANS TOSSING ASIDE OLD SYSTEMS AND STARTING
OVER,” OF GOING BACK TO THE BEGINNING AND
INVENTING A BETTER WAY OF DOING WORK.” ( Hammer and
Champy 1993:33)
REENGINEERING
 Reengineering tools and practice have now been either
considered or adopted in the agenda of renewal of
public sector organizations among developed and
developing countries. ( Levy 1998; Van Johnson 1196;
PCSB 1995)
Calleja_TransformationinPhilippinelocalgovernment
In summary, guided by clear vision and driven by the
leaders as well as the engaged citizens, the LGUs’
transformation will be concentrated on multiple foci of
reform including structure and systems improvement,
culture change and HRD, infrastructure development,
local economic development programmes and legislative
reform. This holistic approach will enable the
transformation of bureaucratic and unprofessional
government service to transparent, professional and
efficient public service that promotes transparency,
democracy and social equity.