Gordiya Kanti N

Roll no : 93
 1. Abutments : The slopping sides of the
valley upon which the dam is built.
 2. River Section : The central portion of the
dam that directly overlies the river channels.
 3. Heel Of The Dams : The upstream
portion of the dam where it contact the bearing
surface.
 4. Toe of The Dam : The down stream
portion of the dam where it contact the down
surface.
 5. crest : The top of the dam, ifwalls are
placed on top of the dam they are commanly
called parapet walls.
 6. Free board : The distance between the
highest level of water in the reservior & the top
of the dam
 7 . Axis of dam : An arbitrary imaginary
line drawn along the eક્ષa્ ct center of the plan of
the crest. This line is nearly refference line.
 8. Gallery : The opening within the dam ,
which is made for the observation.
 9. Minimum Water Surface : The lowest
elevation to which reservior can be lowered.
 10. Maximum Water Surface : The highest
elavation at which water can be filled in the
reservior.
 11. Tail Water Level : The water level at the
down stream side at the base of the dam,
 12. Cut of wall : A wall constructed below
the dam structure to stop OR to prevent
percolation of water across the dam.
A ]. Earth Fill Dams :
> Depends upon foundation, source material
& economics of the project
 > earth dam is preferable to the concrete
dam.
 > they are constructed in all sizes.
 e.g : Rudramata dam in bhuj
Types of Earth Fill dams :
1 . Homogeneous dams :
 > soil erosion to store rainwater in the dry
regions
 > clay material is placed across the river
channal to stop water.
 Homogeneous dam is generally weak.
 2. Zonned dam :
 >consists of mixture of clay and rock
fragments.
 > layer of semi pervious material is placed
over the impervious core
 > outer layer is generally of rock pitching
which protect the dam from the erosion and
the destructive force of the water.
B ] Masonry OR R.C.C. Dam
> required sound , light impervious rock
foundation an economically available depth.
 > rocks should be absent of faulting, jointing
and weathring.
 > abutments strong enough to the force of
water.
Type of R.C.C dams :
 1] Gravity Dam :
 > gravity dam are broad at the base.its upper
part of narrow.
 > design of the dam decrease the cost of dam
 > force of water is less due to greater width
of river
>
 2] Buttress Dams :
> compretively cheaper than the gravity
dams
 > they are back portion of the dam
 > space between two buttress can be used to
spillway or powerhouse
 > rock is compretively weak and force of
water is less.
 >Due to low slope of the area the buttress
dam is prefferred
 3] Arc Dams :
 > arc dam is the R. C . C dam
 > Abutment are very strong to support the
dam.
 > force of the water is diverted to the
abutments.
 > the valley is narrow and abutment is strong
to support a dam ,the arc dam is preffered.
 > they are compretively cheaper.
 > force of water , width of river channel and
strenght of abutments they are design of the
arc dam is decided.