Aim: Is my conception of history and

geography correct?
Historical Thinking Skills: Periodization and Point of View

Do Now: From your birth to the present day,

divide up your life into 3 key periods, and
name each.
I Should we include the history of the universe
as part of our history? Of the earth?

What do you think “Big

History” means?
 II What is Periodization?
Periodization is the attempt to categorize history into
periods of time based on chronology and/or specific
characteristics. Historians do not agree on any one
division of history into periods of time.
 David Christensen’s Periodization
Foraging Agrarian Modern
250,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE 8000 BCE – 1750 CE 1750 CE - Present

Periodization According to the AP Board

1 Technological and Environmental Transformations to 600 BCE

2 Organization and Reorganization of Societies 600 BCE to 600 CE

3 Regional and Transregional Interactions, 600 CE to 1450

4 Global Interactions 1450 to 1750

5 Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 to 1900

6 Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to the Present

 III Cartography
A) Cartography is the art and science of making maps.

Left: Ptolemy Map 150 CE

Right: Medieval European Map
 Cartography Continued…
B) A Mercator Projection (invented in 1569), enables a navigator to plot
a straight-line course. *It distorts the size and shape of land areas.
C) The Robinson Projection shows the entire world at once. *It makes
plotting latitude and longitude easier, but it distorts the world as flat.
D) GPS began in the 1970s.

Mercator Projection Robinson Projection

IV Maps for the AP Exam
The Maps You Need to Know for the AP Exam
 V What is Big Geography?

Big geography is geography in the context of the

entire globe.
The Conventional Map of 7 Continents
 Dividing Lines?

Ural Mountains

Bosporus Strait
EURASIA
 AFRO-
AMERICAS EURASIA
 “Mapping Crimea” by Michael Blanding, March 2014
After… the Crimean parliament had officially voted to secede from
Ukraine and join Russia, Western governments immediately condemned
the move. But one influential institution broke ranks to recognize the
peninsula’s new political status: National Geographic. Not two days after
the vote, the magazine’s editors decided to update its maps of the area
to show Crimea as a part of Russia—shading it as a disputed territory,
similar to the way it handles Gaza and the West Bank. If Russia votes to
annex Crimea, the magazine says, it will take away the shading to show
the territory as a full-fledged part of the Russian Federation. “We map
de facto, in other words we map the world as it is, not as people would
like it to be”… Maps always show the world as we their creators choose
to interpret it—often reflecting political motivations or desired reality as
much as objective geography… India, Pakistan, and China all use
different maps to define the boundaries of Kashmir. Moroccan maps
include the disputed area of Western Sahara as part of the kingdom.
China uses ancient maps to assert its legitimacy over Tibet. Israelis and
Palestinians refer to maps created in 1919 and 1947 as the basis to claim
their own boundaries…
“Mapping Crimea” Continued…
 HW
1. Label each of the following regions AND label 3 countries for
each:
Western Europe Eastern Europe East Asia
Southeast Asia Southwest Asia Central Asia
South Asia North Africa West Africa
East Africa Central Africa Southern Africa
Oceania North America & the Caribbean South America

2. In a paragraph, summarize the main points of the article

“Mapping Crimea”. In a 2nd paragraph, answer if you agree or
disagree with National Geographic’s decision on how to map
Crimea?

3. Define the key vocabulary words.

 Key Vocabulary
Afroeurasia
Big Geography
Big History
Cartography
Crimea
Eurasia
Mercator Projection
Periodization
Robinson Projection