EXTRACTION

•Extraction is a Separation process based on solubility.

•Extraction involves two phases.
•Typical examples are the extraction of edible oils with organic
solvents, and the extraction of coffee with water in the production of
instant coffee.
• Equilibrium, kinetics and material-balance considerations are
involved in the design of extraction processes.
• The most frequently applied mode of operation
is multistage, countercurrent extraction.

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 LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (LLE)

LLE is a method to separate compounds.

It involves transfer of one liquid phase to another liquid phase by

contact. This process is also called distribution or partitioning.

LLE is a process of extracting a solute from a feed by use of a solvent

to produce an extract and a raffinate.

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 DIAGRAM FOR LLE

Fig 1:separation of layers

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Why not distillation ???
LLE is used when the required solute to
extract from the feed have almost similar boiling
point with the carrier.

Distillation process has higher process cost

than liquid-liquid extraction because use of
heating process is in distillation process.

That’s why some company prefer using LLE

as separation process instead of using
distillation.

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 But how does it work ???
 In a LLE unit, a liquid stream (carrier) containing the components to
be recovered (solute) is fed into an extractor ,where it contacts a solvent.
The two liquids must be immiscible or only slightly miscible; this
allows them to form dispersion , with one liquid dispersed as droplets in
the other.
Solutes are separated based on their different solubilities in different
liquids.
Separation is achieved when the substances constituting the original
solution is transferred from the original solution to the other liquid
solution.

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 COMPONENTS OF LLE

Simplest liquid-liquid extraction involves 3 components:

1. SOLUTE
2. CARRIER
3. SOLVENT

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 Block diagram

fig 2:Block diagram of LLE Process

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 TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS IN LLE
1. MIXER –SETTLER
 widely used because of their reliability , operating flexibility and
high capacity.
 Can handle difficult to disperse systems.

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Fig 3: mixer settler
 2. SPRAY TOWER
•Effectively remove large particles and highly soluble gases.
•For first stage particles removal.

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fig 4: spray tower
 APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIES

Recovery of close hydrogen –bonded organics from water,

such as formaldehyde , formic acid and acetic acid.
Extraction of essential oil used in pharmaceuticals , flavors ,
fragrances and food products.
Removal of high boiling organics from wastewater such as
phenol, aniline and nitrated aromatics.

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 REFERENCES

•https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B97801241592350001
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•https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/14356007.b03_06.pub2
•https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199594009.0
01.0001/acref-9780199594009-e-0724
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%E2%80%93liquid_extraction
•https://www.academia.edu/36855639/CHE504_-
_Lab_Report_on_Liquid_-_liquid_Extraction_L7_2018_

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 THANK YOU !

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