Tumor Gaster

Epidemiology
• Benign tumors <malignant tumors
• Benign tumors 0.2-0.4% and rarely found under age 55
years
• Malignant tumors 10x more than benign tumors
• Malignant gastric tumors ranks third in US
gastrointestinal tumors following colon and pancreatic
tumors
Etiology

• Helicobacter pylori
• High-nitrate diet (nitrosamine) as a preservative
• Smoked and salted foods
• Cigarettes
• Gastric atrophy
• Men> women
• Mostly 50-70 years of age
• Alcohol
• Previous stomach surgery
• Gastric polyps
• Familial cancer syndrome
Pathogenesis

• Factors that facilitate the emergence of gastric

malignant tumors are abnormal mucosal changes, such
as atrophic gastritis, gastric polyps, and pernicious
anemia
• Most gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas
• Gastric carcinoma originates from epithelial changes in
the gastric mucous membrane, which develops on the
lower part of the gaster
Clinical manifestations

• Losing weight (82%)

• Epigastric pain (63%)
• Vomiting (41%)
• Anorexia (28%)
• Dysphagia (18%)
• Nausea (18%)
• Weakness (17%)
• Hematemesis (7%)
• Regurgitation (7%)
• Easy to satiety (5%)
Diagnosis
• Physical examination: weight loss, found mass in the
epigastrium when there has been metastasis to the liver,
palpable irregular heart, and sometimes clavicle lymph
nodes palpable
• Radiology
• Gastroscopy and biopsy
• Ultrasound endoscopy
• Blood examination in feces
• Cytology
Management
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy: 5 FU, trimetroxote, mitomycin C,
hydrourea, epirubicin, and carmisetin
• Radiation
Complications

• Perforation
• Hematemesis
• Obstruction
• Adhesion
• Metastases to the liver, pancreas, and colon