GenMath

FUNCTIONS AS
MODELS
LESSON 1
Review

Review of Functions from Junior High School:

• Relations and Functions

Review

RELATION is a rule that relates values from

a set of all x-values called the DOMAIN to
set of all y-values called the RANGE

The brackets are used to show that the values form a set
Review

FUNCTIONS is a RELATION where each element in the

domain is related to ONLY ONE value in the range by some
rule.
Establish

video clip
representing a
Function in Real Life
Establish

Based on the video

clip, what can you say
about function?
Presenting

• Functions can often be used to model real

situations.

• Identifying an appropriate functional model will

lead to a better understanding of various
phenomena.
Presenting

Examples

Give a function C that can represent the cost of

buying x meals, if one meal costs Php40.

Solution:
Since each meal costs Php40, then the cost function
is C(x) = 40x
Presenting

Examples

 One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area

next to a river (see figure below). Give a function A that can represent the
area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.
Presenting

Solution:

The area of the rectangular enclosure is A = xy.

We will write this as a function of x.
A(x)
Since only 100m of fencing is available, then
x + 2y = 100 or
y = (100-x) / 2 = 50 – 0.5x.
Thus,
Discuss

Some situations can only be described by more than

one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable.

That situation is called a

Piecewise Function .
Discuss For example:
 A user is charged ₱300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged
₱1 each. Represent the amount a consumer pays each month as a
function of the number of messages m sent in a month.

Is it possible to describe the problem

with one formula or equation only?
Justify your answer.
Discuss

Expected answer:

No, there are 2 formulas or equations that could be derived

from the problem. The equations are said to be functions. If
we put these functions as one function, it describes a
piecewise function. We can describe such function as a
function defined on a sequence of intervals.
Discuss

Solution:
Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month. It can
be expressed by the piecewise function.
Discuss Another Example:
A jeepney ride costs Php8 for the first 4km, and each additional
integer km adds Php1.5 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to
represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in km.

Solution:
The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the
jeepney fare. If F(d) represents the fare as a function of
distance, the function can be represented as follows:
Discuss
Develop

Group Activity:
Divide yourselves into 4 groups.
The first two groups will be assigned to answer problem #1 while
the 3rd and 4th group will answer problem #2
Each group will be given 3 minutes to answer the problems on
their assigned seats.
After 3 minutes, each group representative will present to the
class their answer with solutions
Finally, we will analyze the accuracy of the solutions and answers
presented.
Develop

Problem #1: Group 1 & 2

You have a summer job that pays time and a half for
overtime. That is, if you work more than 40 hours per
week, your hourly wage for extra hours is 1.5 times your
normal hourly wage of Php30.
o Write a piecewise function that gives your weekly pay P
in terms of the number of hours h you work.
o How much will you get paid if you work 45 hours?
Develop

Problem #2: Group 3 & 4

The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a
party is Php150 per head for 20 persons or less, Php130
per head for 21 to 50 persons, and Php110 per head for 51
to 100 persons. For 100 or more persons, the cost is at
Php100 per head.
o Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the
number of attendees of the party.
Develop

Expected Solution: Problem #1

Develop

Expected Solution: Problem #2

Finding

Provide a real world

examples of functions
specifying input and output
 Finding

Sample answers:

 Distance (output) and time (input) during a trip.

 Height of a ball (output) and time (input) when

you throw it up

 Amount of money earned (output) and hours

worked (input)
Making

How can we represent

real-life situations as
functions?
 Making

Expected/Sample Answer:

 Functions can often be used to model real

situations.

 Identifying an appropriate functional model

will lead to a better understanding of various
phenomena.
Evaluate

Group Activity:
Divide yourselves into 4 groups.
The first two groups will be assigned to answer problem
#1 while the 3rd and 4th group will answer problem #2
Each group will be given 3 minutes to answer the
problems on their assigned seats.
After 3 minutes, each group representative will present
to the class their answer with solutions
Evaluate Rubric for Assessing Group Performance
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Mathematical 90-100% of the Almost all (85-89%) Most (75-84%) of the More than 75% of the
Errors steps and solutions of the steps and steps and solutions steps and solutions
have no solutions have no have no mathematical have mathematical
mathematical mathematical errors. errors. errors.
errors.

Mathematical Explanation shows Explanation shows Explanation shows Explanation shows very
Concepts complete substantial some understanding limited understanding
understanding of understanding of the of the mathematical of the underlying
the mathematical mathematical concepts needed to concepts needed to
concepts used to concepts used to solve the problem(s). solve the problem(s)
solve the solve the problem(s). OR is not written.
problem(s).

Neatness and The work is The work is The work is presented The work appears
Organization presented in a neat, presented in a neat in an organized sloppy and
clear, organized and organized fashion but may be unorganized. It is hard
fashion that is easy fashion that is usually hard to read at times. to know what
to read. easy to read. information goes
together.
Evaluate

Problem#1: Group 1 & 2

A videoke machine can be rented for Php1,000

for three days, but for the 4 day onwards, an
th

additional cost of Php400 per day is added.

Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine
as a piecewise function of the number of days it
is rented.
Evaluate

Problem#2: Group 3 & 4

The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is

Php700. A guide can only take care of a maximum
of 4 persons, and additional guides can be hired as
needed.
Represent the cost of hiring guides as a function of
the number of tourists who wish to explore the
cave.
Evaluate

Expected Solution: Problem #1

Evaluate

Expected Solution: Problem #2

Additional

Group Assignment:

Same group members and rubric on the evaluation of

learning activity.

Each group should research about tax rates in the

Philippines (e.g., if you earn a certain income level, then
your task rate is such and such)
Additional

Based on the existing tax structure, ask students to define a

piecewise function that models this situation by giving:

 The function’s equation

 A table showing some function values

You will use the piecewise function representing the tax structure in
the Philippines as a basis for discussing whether they think the tax
rate is fair. For example, you can compare the amount of tax deducted
from taxpayers with various levels of income. Each group may
present their work or make a report.