Management

The process of working with people and

through others to achieve organizational
objectives in an efficient and ethical
manner

The force that runs an enterprise and is

responsible for its success and failure

.
Safety - control of accidental
loss. Control means preventing
accidents and minimizing loss
from accidents.
Safety Management
It is an organized and well - managed
approach of conceiving and achieving
desired results by means of utilizing
human talents and resources for accident
prevention
It is also a distinct process of Planning,
Organizing, Staffing, Directing and
Controlling (POSDICON), to accomplish
safety objectives by the use of human
being and other resources
 Function of Safety
Management
I. Planning – it is the formulation of
safety objectives, programs, policies,
procedures, rules and regulations, in
order to achieve to protect every
workingman against the dangers of
injury, sickness or death through safe
and healthful working conditions,
 Function of Safety
Management
II. Organizing – the identification or
grouping of work to be done, the
delegation of authority and responsibility
and the establishment of relationship
among them in order to attain the safety
objective.
 Function of Safety
Management
III. Staffing – It involves filling and
keeping filled the positions provided in
the organization structure. It delineates
manpower requirements for the job to be
done, which includes recruiting and
selecting candidates for the position.
 Function of Safety
Management
IV. Directing – It has to do leadership
and people intend to follow the man on
who they see a means to satisfy their
personal concern.

This involves motivation, leadership

styles and approaches, and
communication.
 Function of Safety
Management
V. Controlling – Is the process of
measuring and correcting the activities
of workers to assure conformity to
Standards.

It measures performance against goals

and plans, identify deviations and give
corrective measures.
Benefits of a Systematic and Effective
Safety Management System
1. Reduce the number of personnel
injuries through prevention.
2. Reduce the risk of major accidents
3. Ensure a well-qualified and enthusiastic
workforce
4. Reduce the material loss caused by
accidents
Benefits of a Systematic and Effective
Safety Management System

5. Reduce insurance costs as well as reducing

costs due to absence of employees
6. Serve the possibility for an integrated
management system including quality,
environment, health and safety.
7. Ensure that appropriate legislation is addressed
and acted upon.
8. Meet the increasing importance of OH&S for
public image.
Four (4) Elements Comprising
a Business Operation
 People – includes workers & management
 Equipment – refers to tools,machines,
used by people
 Material – what the people work with or
make into
 Environment – refers to physical
surroundings where
people work (bldg., air
noise, etc.)
 Definition of Terms
 Accidents - an undesired event that
results in harm to people, damage to
property, loss of process and / or harm to
the environment.
 Incident - an undesired event which
could or does result in loss.
 Near – miss - an undesired event
which, under slightly different
circumstances, could have resulted in
harm to people, damage to property, loss
of process and / or harm to the
environment.
 Definition

 Hazard - a potentially dangerous object, condition or

practice that may be present in the workplace, to which
employees must be alerted, and from which they must be
protected.
 Workplace - means the office, premises or work site
where workers are habitually employed or regularly report
for assignment in the course of their employment.
 Occupational Illness - any illness caused by
environmental factors, the exposure to which is
characteristics or peculiar to a particular process, trade or
occupation and to which an employee or worker is not
ordinarily subjected to or exposed outside of or away from
such employment.
 Ineffective Safety
Management is Directly
Responsible to the
Cause of Accidents and
Illnesses in the
Workplace?
 Causes of Accidents / Illnesses
Due Ineffective Safety Management
System
A. Substandard / Unsafe Acts
 Unaware – that the workers behavior is
hazardous, no precautions observed.
 Unmotivated – workers lack of will to follow
safe procedures, choose to act unsafely.
 Unable – to act in a safe/orderly manner due
to:
 Lack of adequate training / no training at all
 Lack of job procedures
 Unsuitable tools, equipment, machines, workplace
 Unqualified worker
 Causes of Accidents / Illnesses
Due Ineffective Safety
Management System
B. Substandard / Unsafe Working
Conditions – Poor Housekeeping
 Unidentified
 No Periodic Inspection to identified the hazards
in a workplace
 No Hazard Identification and Reporting Program
 Uncorrected
 No correction/elimination of identified hazards
A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe
Workers Performance Due to Ineffective
Safety Management
I. Job Factors
1. Poor leadership and supervision
a. Unclear reporting relationships
b. Improper delegation and unclear assignment of
responsibilities
c. Inadequate orientation, instruction, and training
d. Conflicting goals and standards
e. Inappropriate job placement
f. Inadequate identification of loss exposures
g. Inadequate performance.
2. Poor engineering
a. Inadequate standards and design criteria
b. Inadequate monitoring and construction
c. Lack of consideration of ergonomics
d. Inadequate evaluation of changes.
A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe Workers
Performance Due to Ineffective Safety Management
I. Job Factors
3. Poor purchasing
a. Insufficient request specification to purchasers and
vendors
b. Inadequate knowledge on materials and their
hazardousness
c. Improper shipping and transport of materials
d. Inadequate receiving , inspection and acceptance
e. Improper handling and storage
f. Improper disposal of waste.
4. Inadequate maintenance
1. Inadequate preventive maintenance (assessment of
needs, lubrication and servicing, adjustment, cleaning
and resurfacing)
2. Inadequate reparative maintenance (communication of
needs, inspection and examination of units, scheduling
of work part substitution)
 A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe
Workers Performance Due to Ineffective Safety
Management
I. Job Factors
5. Inadequate tools and equipment
a. Inadequate assessment of risks, needs, and ergonomic
considerations.
b. Inadequate standards
c. Lack of available tools
d. Improper use and maintenance
e. Inadequate removal and replacement of unsuitable items.
6. Inadequate work standards
a. Lack of standards
b. Inadequate communication and dissemination of
standards.
c. Inadequate updating and monitoring compliance to set
standards.
 A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe
Workers Performance Due to Ineffective Safety
Management

I. Job Factors

7. Wear and tear

a. Improper use.
b. Insufficient inspection, monitoring and maintenance.
c. Use by untrained and unqualified personnel.
8. Abuse and misuse
a. Intentional abuse / misuse condoned by supervision
b. Unintentional abuse / misuse condoned by
supervision.
 A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe
Workers Performance Due to Ineffective Safety
Management
II. Personal Factors
1. Lack of physical capability
a. Height, weight and strength limitations
b. Sensory deficiency
c. Temporary and permanent disabilities
d. Personal threshold/tolerance to conditions such as
temperature, humidity, etc.
e. Allergies
2. Lack of mental capability
a. Intelligence level and learning aptitudes
b. Memory sharpness
c. Mental health and emotional stability
d. Fears and phobias
A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe Workers
Performance Due to Ineffective Safety Management

II. Personal Factors

3. Physical Stress
a. Injury and illness
b. Fatigue
c. Constrained movement
d. Deficient oxygen level
e. Insufficient blood sugar level
f. Temperature and pressure variations
4. Mental and psychological stress
a. Monotony of work
b. Extreme mental work (judgment, decision-making,
concentration)
c. Frustration
d. Preoccupation with work-related and personal
problems
e. Confusion brought about by conflicting demands and
unclear directions
f. Mental illness.
 A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe
Workers Performance Due to Ineffective Safety
Management

II. Personal Factors

5. Lack of knowledge
a. Lack of experience
b. Inadequate orientation and training
c. Miscommunication, misunderstood directions
6. Lack of skill
a. Insufficient instruction and coaching
b. Lack of practice
c. Infrequent performance.
A. Factors Leading to Substandard/Unsafe Workers
Performance Due to Ineffective Safety Management

II. Personal Factors

7. Improper motivation
a. Absence of a reward and incentive system, and other
activities for behavior reinforcement.
b. Absence of correction for improper behavior
c. Proper behavior is stressful, while improper behavior
is rewarding.
d. Improper attempts to save time, to avoid discomfort,
to gain attention
e. Bad examples from leaders and supervisors
f. Lack of performance appraisal feedback.
g. Peer pressure
h. Excessive frustration.
 B. Factors Leading to
Substandard/Unsafe Working
Conditions –Poor Housekeeping
No Periodic Inspection to locate hazards in the workplace
No Hazard Identification and Reporting Program
No Correction/Elimination of Identified Hazards

Five Steps to
Good Housekeeping
 Five Steps to
Good Housekeeping
 What is 5-S?
It is a systematized
steps of good
housekeeping to
organize work areas,
keeps rules and
standards, and
maintain the
discipline needed to
perform a good job.
The Five
Steps of 5-S
Training/Discipline
Sariling kusa
Shitsuke
Standardizing
Siguruhin
Seiketsu
Cleaning
Simutin
Seiso
Organizing
Sinupin
Seiton
Clearing up
Suriin
Seiri
 5-S Philosophy No.1

Eliminating
waste raises
productivity.
 5-S Philosophy
No.2

Attack the
root cause of
the problem.
 5-S Philosophy No.3

Everyone
should
participate.
 5-S Philosophy No.4
It is necessary to
standardize and
conduct continuous
training since human
is by nature forgetful
and tend to commit
mistakes.
 Step No. 1: Clearing Up
Sort out what is
necessary from
what is not, and
get rid of as
much excess as
possible.
Check Points for Step 1:
Clearing Up
Can you find any unnecessary things
cluttering up your workplace?
Are there any unnecessary cables or
pipes just left as they are?
Are there any tools or materials left on
the floor?
Are all unnecessary items sorted out,
classified, stored and labelled?
Are all gauges and tools classified and
stored?
Step No. 2: Organizing
There should
be a place for
everything and
everything in
its place.
Check Points for Step 2:
Organizing
Are the positions of main corridors,
aisles and storage places clearly
marked?
Are tools divided into specialized use
and “regular items?”
Are pallets always stacked to the
proper height?
Is anything stored around the fire
extinguishers?
Does the floor have any depressions,
protrusions, cracks or obstacles?
 Step No. 3: Cleaning
Thorough
cleaning and
checking to
ensure that all
equipment are
maintained in
top condition.
Check Points for Step 3:
Cleaning
Look carefully at the floor, aisles and
around the machines. How much oil, dirt,
dust and metal shavings can you find?
Are any part of the machines dirty with
oil or metal fragments?
Are any supply lines or pipes oily, dirty
or hard?
Are oil outlets clogged with dirt?
Are light bulbs, reflectors or shades
dirty?
Step No. 4: Standardizing

Developing
uniform
standards so
that
abnormalities
can be spotted
quickly.
Check Points for Step 4:
Standardizing
Are you wearing dirty or dangerous
clothing?
Does your workplace have adequate
lighting and power supply?
Do you have problems from noise,
vibrations or heat?
Does the roof leak?
Do you have fixed areas for eating and
smoking?
Step No. 5: Training and
Discipline

Developing good
work habits.
Check Points for Step 5:
Training and Discipline
Do you have a daily inspection
routine?
Are work order reports executed
properly and at the right time?
Are you wearing the right protective
gear?
Are you wearing nameplates and
headgear correctly?
Does the group always assemble as
scheduled?
Benefit of 5-S: Improvement of
Quality

By eliminating dirt
and grime, operations
can be done without
error, proceeding in a
well regulated
fashion, resulting in
fewer defective items,
thereby increasing
the overall quality of
the product.
Benefit of 5-S: Improvement of
Safety

By organizing the
workplace,
operations can be
done safely and
comfortably,
reducing the risk of
accidents.
Benefit of 5-S: Elimination of
Breakdowns
By clear labeling and
eliminating dirt and
grime which produce
unnecessary wear and
tear on machines,
machinery and
equipment can be
properly maintained,
reducing the number
of breakdowns.
Benefit of 5-S: Improving
Efficiency
By encouraging
people to be more
attentive and
interested in their
work, operations
can be done
efficiently,
eliminating waste
thereby increasing
the efficiency and
productivity.
How to Achieve 5-S
Quite easily, everybody should look
closely at their workplace and ensure
that:
 No rejected unwanted items are lying at the
workplace.
 All items are kept in proper locations/order.
 Everybody cooperates with each other in
keeping area and machines clean.
 Rules and regulations are followed and the
required standards are maintained.
Three Stages of 5-S
Implementation
Stage 1: Active 5-S
Tidy up First!
Stage 2: Effective 5-S
Making a Habit of 5-S
Stage 3: Preventive 5-S
Taking 5-S to a
Higher Level!
Results Arising from Accidents
 Disabling Injuries – lost time injuries
 Fatal, PTD, TTD, PPD
 Minor/non-disabling injuries – first aid
cases
 Medical attention only
 Property damage – lost property
value/use
 Fire, explosion, overheating, overloading,
etc.
 Near miss – no visible injury or property
damage
 Losses Associated with Accidents

 Direct Costs – includes medical; insurance;

compensation payments.
 Indirect Costs – maybe 3 to 10 times than
direct costs.
 Hiring / training for substitute of injured worker
 Time lost
 Damages (tools, equipment, materials )
 Overtime premiums
 Three (3) E’s of Safety Management
Accident Prevention Program

 Engineering Control – upgrading, use

of PPEs, machine guarding, etc.
 Education – safety awareness,
trainings, orientation programs
 Enforcement – safety compliance
monitoring
Accident Prevention Program

 ZERO ACCIDENT PROGRAM

(ZAP)
 WHAT IS ZERO ACCIDENT
PROGRAM (ZAP)?

 ZERO ACCIDENT PROGRAM (ZAP) is

a series of strategies and activities
with the ultimate goal of eliminating
accident in a workplace
 is a plan or outline of activities
conducted in work places in order that
accidents can be prevented
ZERO ACCIDENT IS A RESULT OF A ZERO
ACCIDENT PROGRAM (ZAP)

ZERO ACCIDENT IS ALSO A RESULT OF AN

EFFECTIVE SAFETY PROGRAM

ZERO ACCIDENT PROGRAM (ZAP) IS PART

OF YOUR SAFETY PROGRAM
WHY?
 Why is it that we need this ZAP in
the workplace?
-Is it because Zero Accident Program is
one of the flagship programs of the
Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE)
-Or the fact that………………………….
The fact is………
FACT 1 : Everyday, one out of every 48 Filipino workers is a
victim of injury in the workplace. In 1998 alone, a total of
86,727 injuries occurred; for every 15 of these accidents, one
was disabling.
FACT 2 : The recent spate of tragic accidents-fall in construction
sites, death and mutilation by "man eating" machines, lives
and properties consumed by smoke - are needless and
pointless because they are preventable.
FACT 3 : Work accidents are costly. In 1995 alone, an estimated
141,582 productive days were wasted and some P9.6M
squandered, costs which the Philippine economy can ill
afford.
FACT 4 : The emergence of rare illness from yet unexplained
reactions of the human body with toxic chemicals and
substances is on the rise. The so-called "mystery disease",
the dreaded Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) which has
stricken 48 Filipino workers in Taiwan and Pampanga is but a
chilling reminder of how vulnerable the workplace
What are the advantages of
accident free workplace?
Advantages of accident free workplace

 Lower costs
 Safe and healthy workers
 Increased productivity
 Increased profitability
 Improved quality and efficiency
 Good working relationship between
management and workers