ADO .

NET

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.NET Framework Data Namespaces
• System.Data
– Base set of classes and interfaces for ADO .NET
• System.Data.Common
– Classes shared by the .NET Data Providers
• System.Data.OleDb
– Classes that make up the .NET Data Provider for OLEDB
• System.Data.SqlClient
– Classes that make up the .NET Data Provider for SQL Server
• System.Data.SqlTypes
– Classes that represent the SQL data types
• System.XML
– Classes for working with XML data

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 .NET Data Providers (1)
• A Data Provider supports data access through its own sp
ecific implementation that supports a common set of inte
rfaces
• Two standard .NET Data Providers
• SQL provider – for MS SQL Server 7.0 or later
• OLE DB provider – for OLE DB support, e.g. Oracle, OL
E DB .NET Data Provider as a wrapper around an OLE
DB provider
• Each .NET Data Provider is implemented as a group of t
ypes that reside in System.Data.SqlClient and System.D
ata.OleDb namespaces

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 .NET Data Providers (2)

SQL SQL
.NET Data Provider Server

Client OLE DB OLE DB

.NET Data Provider Provider Other
DBMS

ODBC
Provider Other
DBMS

Managed Code

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 .NET Data Providers (3)
• Some fundamental classes supported by any .NET Data
Provider
• Connection – allows establishing and releasing connecti
ons, and to begin transactions
• Command – allows storing and executing a command
(SQL query, stored procedure)
• DataReader – provides direct, sequential (forward-only),
read-only access to data in a database
• DataAdapter – built on DataReader, this class creates a
nd populates instances of the class DataSet. DataSets al
low more flexible access to data than using just DataRea
der

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 .NET Data Providers (4)
• Clients can access data through a DataReader (straightforward one-
row-at-a-time) or by using a DataSet (more complex requirements s
uch as ordering, filtering, sending results across a network etc.)

.NET Data Provider

Client Connection

Command
Rows
DataReader
DBMS
DataSet DataAdapter

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 Accessing Data with Reader
1. Create a Connection object (of class SqlConnection or OleDbCon
nection)
• set ConnectionString property
2. Create a Command object (of class SqlCommand and OleDbCom
mand) by Connection object’s CreateCommand method
• Set CommandText property
3. Call the Open() method of the Connection object
4. Declare a DataReader (if need)
5. Executing the query by calling methods of the Command object
• ExecuteReader(): returns a DataReader, can be accessed one row at a ti
me
• ExecuteScalar(): returns a single value, e.g. result of SUM function
• ExecuteNonQuery(): returns the number of rows affected
6. Process the result
7. Close the DataReader (if using ExecuteReader)
8. Close the Connection with the Close() method
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 AdoExample1
Sub Main()
Dim query As String = "SELECT StudentID, Name, Sex FROM Students"
Dim connStr As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data Source=school.mdb"

Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(connStr)

Dim command As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(query, conn)
Dim reader As OleDbDataReader

Try
conn.Open() ' open connection
reader = command.ExecuteReader() ' execute the command
While reader.Read() ‘ process records
Console.WriteLine("ID: {0}, Name: {1}", reader.GetString(0), reader.GetString(1))
End While
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Finally
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
End Try
End Sub
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 Accessing Data with DataSets (1)
• A DataSet is an in-memory cache for data
• Disconnected: manipulate data without connecting the d
atabase, allow you to move data across a network
• DataSets allow much more flexible access to data, can e
xamine data in an arbitrary way, scrolling back and forth
• Datasets are used in conjunction with DataAdapters. Dat
aAdapters populate DataSets with data from data stores.
• Useful for combining data from different data sources, an
d for data transfer across a network (as DataSets are ser
ializable)

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 Accessing Data with DataSets (2)

•Each DataSet can contain zero or

more DataTable objects. DataRelation
•Each DataTable can contain the re
sult of some query
•A DataSet can also maintain relati
onships among DataTables using
DataRelation objects
•Each DataSet has a schema, desc DataTable
ribing the tables, columns, data typ DataTable
es

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 Creating and Using DataSets
1. Create a Connection object
• set ConnectionString property
2. Create a Command object
• Set CommandText property
3. Create a DataAdapter object (SqlDataAdapter, OleDbDataA
dapter)
• Set the SelectCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, DeleteCo
mand property to the Command object created in last step
4. Create a DataSet object
5. Call the Open() method of the Connection object
6. Use the Fill() method of the DataAdapter object to fill the Da
taSet
7. Close the Connection with the Close() method
8. You may then update/delete rows in DataSet and use the U
pdate() method of the DataAdapter to update the database

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Sub Main()
Dim query As String = "SELECT StudentID, Name, Sex FROM Students"
Dim connStr As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data Source=school.mdb"
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(connStr)
Dim command As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(query, conn)

Dim da As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(command) ‘ set the SelectComma

nd as well
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet

Dim table As DataTable

Dim row As DataRow
Dim rowIndex As Integer
AdoExample3
Try
conn.Open() ' open connection
da.Fill(ds, “Students”) ‘ fill the dataset
conn.Close() ‘ connection can be closed (disconnected)

table = ds.Tables.Item(“Students”) ‘ select the DataTable

For rowIndex = 0 To table.Rows.Count - 1
row = table.Rows.Item(rowIndex)
Console.Out.WriteLine("ID: {0}, Name: {1}", _
row("StudentID"), row("Name"))
Next
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Sub 12
 DataAdapter Properties
• SelectCommand
– contains a Command object that can be used to populate a Data
Table within DataSet
– Command object typically references a SQL SELECT statement
• InsertCommand
– to insert rows added to a DataTable into an underlying database
– Command object typically references a SQL INSERT statement
• UpdateCommand
– to update a database based on changes made to a DataTable
– Command object typically references a SQL UPDATE statement
• DeleteCommand
– to delete rows in a database based on deletions made to a DataT
able
– Command object typically references a SQL DELETE statement

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 DataAdapter Methods
• Fill
– Used to execute a query (in the SelectComma
nd) and store the result in a DataSet
– Da.Fill(Ds, “TableName”)
– Note that the connection can be closed once t
he Fill method is done
• Update
– Used to modify data in the database based on
changes made to the DataTables

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 DataSet Contents
• Contents of a DataSet are grouped into collectio
ns
• DataSet has a Tables property
– a collection of DataTable
– table = ds.Tables.Item(“Students”)
– table = ds.Tables.Item(0)
• DataTable has a Rows property
– a collection of DataRow
– row = table.Rows.Item(rowIndex)
– Column values can be obtained by row("StudentID") or row(0)
• Relations collection

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 Basic Objects
Dim query As String = "SELECT * FROM Students"
Dim connStr As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data Source=school.mdb"

Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(connStr)

Dim command As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(query, conn)

Dim da As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(command)

' commandBuilder is used create the Commands automatically! Must be

for UPDATE
Dim autogen As New OleDbCommandBuilder(da)

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 Adding Data Using a DataSet
Private Sub btnAdd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles
btnAdd.Click
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
Dim table As DataTable
Dim row As DataRow
Try
da.Fill(ds, "Students") ' fill the dataset
table = ds.Tables.Item("Students") ' select the DataTable
row = table.NewRow()
row("StudentID") = "A90001"
row("Name") = "Chan Chan"
row("Sex") = "M"
row("DateOfBirth") = #10/31/2005#
row("PhoneNo") = "12345678"
row("Class") = "41111"
table.Rows.Add(row)

da.Update(ds, "Students")
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Sub

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Updating Data Using a DataSet
Private Sub btnUpdate_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles btnUpdate.Click
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
Dim table As DataTable
Dim row As DataRow
Dim rowIndex As Integer
Try
da.Fill(ds, "Students") ' fill the dataset

table = ds.Tables.Item("Students") ' select the DataTable

For rowIndex = 0 To table.Rows.Count - 1
row = table.Rows.Item(rowIndex)
If row("StudentID") = "A90001" Then
row("Sex") = "F"
End If
Next
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
da.Update(ds, "Students")
End Sub

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 Deleting Data Using a DataSet
Private Sub btnDelete_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles btnDelete.Click
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
Dim table As DataTable
Dim row As DataRow
Dim rowIndex As Integer
Try
da.Fill(ds, "Students") ' fill the dataset
table = ds.Tables.Item("Students") ' select the DataTable
For rowIndex = 0 To table.Rows.Count - 1
row = table.Rows.Item(rowIndex)
If row("StudentID") = "A90001" Then
row.Delete()
End If
Next
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
da.Update(ds, "Students")
End Sub

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 AdoExample4
• Add/Update/Delete

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 Binding a DataSet to a Control
• Setup the connection and dataadapter
• Select the DataAdapter, generate the Data
Set
• Set the DataSource property of the contro
l
– e.g. datagridview1.DataSource = myDataTabl
e
• AdoExample5
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 Using SQL to Query Data (1)
‘ Assume connection object is setup already
Dim sql As String = “SELECT * FROM STUDENTS”

Try

conn.Open()
Dim da As New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Dim ds As New DataSet
da.Fill(ds, "table")
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds
DataGrid1.DataMember = "table"

Catch e As Exception
MsgBox("Error in executing the following SQL statement:" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & sql &
vbCrLf & vbCrLf & e.Message)
Finally
conn.Close()
End Try

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 Using SQL to Query Data (2)
Dim sql As String = "SELECT StudentID, Name, Sex FROM Students“

Dim connStr As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=school.mdb"

Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(connStr)

Dim command As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(query, conn)

Dim reader As OleDbDataReader

Try
conn.Open() ' open connection
reader = command.ExecuteReader() ' execute the command
While reader.Read() ‘ process records
Console.WriteLine("ID: {0}, Name: {1}", reader.GetString(0),
reader.GetString(1))
End While
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Finally
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
End Try 23
 Using SQL to Update Data
‘ Assume connection object is setup already
Dim sql As String = “UPDATE STUDENTS SET Sex = “F”
Dim command As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql, conn)
Dim rowAffected As Integer

Try
conn.Open()
rowAffected = command.ExecuteNonQuery()

MsgBox("Query executed, " & rowAffected & " rows affected")

Catch e As Exception
MsgBox("Error in executing the following SQL statement:" & vbCrLf & vbCr
Lf & sql & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & e.Message)
Finally
conn.Close()
End Try
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Using SQL Aggregate Functions
Dim sql As String = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Students“

Dim connStr As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=scho

ol.mdb"
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(connStr)

Dim command As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(query, conn)

Dim result As Integer

Try
conn.Open() ' open connection
result = command.ExecuteScalar() ' execute the command
Console.WriteLine(“The count is {0} ", result)
Catch ex As OleDbException
Console.Out.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Finally
conn.Close()
End Try 25
 DataReader Vs DataSet
• DataReader
– Less memory consumed, fast access
– Simple
– One row at a time (forward sequential access)
– Connection cannot be closed before finishing access
• DataAdapter + DataSet
– More flexible, can examine data in an arbitrary way, s
crolling back and forth
– Connection can be closed and accessing the DataSet
afterwards (i.e. DataSet can be de-linked with the con
nection)
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