LIFE AND WORKS OF

RIZAL

Group 1.1
 THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY AS A
CENTURY OF CHANGE
 THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY AS A
CENTURY OF CHANGE

https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/phil
ippines-in-the-19th-century/
 PHILIPPINES IN
THE NINETEENTH
C E N T U RY

Social Structure
 The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and
master slave relationship by the Spaniards. Their social structure is
ranked into three groups:
1.) Highest class
2.) Middle Class
3.) Lowest class
 PHILIPPINES IN
THE NINETEENTH
C E N T U RY

 Political System and the Sources of Abuses in the Administrative System

1.) Inferior Qualifications
2.) They collect and waste the money of the Filipinos
3.) Church and state are united
4.) Manner of obtaining the position
5.) Alcaldias is considered as the most corrupt
6.) Personal interest over the welfare of the State
 PHILIPPINES IN
THE NINETEENTH
C E N T U RY

 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
 Overemphasis on religious
matters
 Obsolete teaching methods
 Limited curriculum
 Primary education was neglected
 Absence of academic freedom
 Prejudice against Filipinos in the
schools of higher learning

 Poor classroom facilities  Friar control over the system

 Absence of teaching materials

 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE
RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

https://www.slideshare.net/martianne21/philippine-nationalism-nature-and-development
 FA C T O R S C O N T R I B U T E D T O T H E
DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM:

• Opening of the Philippines to International Trade and the Rise of the

Middle Class
• Influx of European Liberalism
• Opening of the Suez Canal on November 17, 1869
• Spanish Revolution of 1868 and the Liberal Regime of Carlos Maria
Dela Torre(1869-1871)
• Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873), the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the
Execution of GomBurZa (February 17, 1872)
 ECONOMIC: THE END OF
GALLEON TRADE

https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/diorama-22-galleon-trade-scene-ca-
1750/aAEQAqK8dQJDTA
 REFERENCES

 https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippines-in-the-
19th-century/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_galleon
 https://www.philippine-history.org/galleon-trade.htm
 https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/spain-in-the-19th-
century/
 https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-19th-century
LIFE AND WORKS OF
RIZAL

Group 1.2
 THE OPENING OF

SEUZ CANAL
 Between Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.

 The demand for Philippine sugar and abaca (hemp)

grew apace, and the volume of exports to Europe
expanded even further after the completion of the Suez
Canal in 1869.

 Napabilis din ang pagpasok sa ating bansa ng liberal

na banyagang kaisipan na nagpamulat sa maraming
Pilipino sa kanilang karapatan.
SOCIAL
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
 PENINSULAR
- Spaniard born in SPAIN.
 INSULARES
- Spaniard born in the Philippines.
CREOLE OR MESTIZO/MESTIZA
- Spain Mestizo half spaniard and half filipino.

- Chinese Mestizo half filipino and half chinese.

 INDIO
- or native (masses)

- Principalia, Inquilino, karaniwang tao.

 Social ranking was created in our society.

 Social tensions was created between and among classes.

 A system of racial discrimination came to be institutionalized.

 High positions in government were opened only to the pure

blooded Spaniards.

 Member of the middle class and the indios were considered

inferior by the upper classes and unworthy of education.
 References:

 https://www.slideshare.net/MariaLuisaMaycong/pagusbong-ng-
liberal-na-ideya

 https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-19th-century
LIFE AND WORKS OF
RIZAL

Group 1.3
EDUCATION
 Filipinos are most educated people
The Early Period
- King Philip II
Leyes De Indias
Spanish missionaries that established schools:
-AUGUSTINIANS
-FRANCISCIANS
-JESUITS
-DOMINICANTS
EDUCATION

 KINDERGARTEN
 PRIMARY EDUCATION
 SECONDARY EDUCATION
 UNDER GRADUATE COLLEGE

TESDA

ALS
RISE OF THE CHINESE
MESTIZO AND RISE OF
INQUILINOS
RISE OF THE CHINESE MESTIZO
AND RISE OF INQUILINOS

 BY THE LATE OF 19TH CENTURY

 1815
 1849
 1869
 1886
 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 RISE OF THE CHINESE MESTIZO
AND RISE OF INQUILINOS
 Noli me tangere (1886; Touch Me Not)

 LIGA FILIPINA

 El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)

 JOSE RIZAL WAS ARRESTED; 1892

 ANDRES BONIFACIO
LIFE AND WORKS OF
RIZAL

Group 1.4
POLITICAL
POLITICAL
 Greek word "polis" which means a city-state.

 Politics is a set of activities associated with the

governance of a country or an area. It involves
making decisions that apply to members of a
group.
 Spain (1565-1898)

 United States (1898-1946)

 The Spanish - American War

A D M I N I S T R AT R I V E O RG A N I Z AT I O N

 Spain established a centralized colonial

government that was composed of a National
Government and the Local Government that
administered provinces, towns, cities and
municipalities.

Spanish Crown (The Monarchy of Spain)

through Ministry of Colonies
LIBERALISM
LIBERALISM

Latin word "liber" which means free.

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy

based on liberty, consent of the governed, and
equality before the law.
The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and The
Execution of three Filipino Priest

The Propaganda Movement

The Revolution: First Phase (1896 - 1897)

Second Phase (1898 - 1899)

Third Phase (1899 - 1901)

REFERENCES
 https://sspxasia.com/Newsletters/2002/Jan-
Mar/Liberalism_in_the_Philippines.htm

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism

 • https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/MsKrabbs19/rizal-in-
the-19th-century-philippines

 • https://youtu.be/MAkPBPpzuF8
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippin
es_(1521–1898)

 https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Philippi
nes-history.htm
LIFE AND WORKS OF
RIZAL

Group 1.5
IMPACT OF BOURBON
REFORMS
Bourbon Reforms ( Reformas
Borbónicas )

- Reorganization of the military, commercial

and administrative structure.
- Inherited by Bourbon dynasty in 1700
from it’s Habsburg predecessors.
- The reforms began in the reigns of King
Philip V of Spain (1700-1746)
 IMPACTS OF BOURBON
REFORMS
 The racial tensions continued to grow and massive
discontent lead to a number of revolts fo independence.

 Instability of colonial administration.

 Corruption.

 No Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

 Human rights denied to Filipinos.

 No equality before the law.

 IMPACTS OF BOURBON
REFORMS
 Maladministration of justice.

 Racial discrimination.

 Frailocracy.

 Forced Labor.

 Haciendas owned by Friars.

 The Guardia Civil.

CÁDIZ CONSTITUTION
 CONSTITUCIÓN DE CÁDIZ
 Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy
 The first constitution of Spain and one of the earliest
constitutions in the world history.
 It was established on March 19,1812 by Cortes of Cádiz, the
first Spanish legislature.
 It came to be the "sacred code" of liberalism; during the 19th
century, it served as a model for liberal constitutions of Latin
nations.
AFTERMATH
 when Fernando VII was restored to the throne in 1814, he
refused to recognize it.

 These events foreshadowed the long conflict between

liberals and traditionalists that marked Spanish history in the
19th and early 20th centuries.

 By the second half of 1826 only Cuba and Puerto Rico

remained under the Spanish flag in the New World.
REFERENCES
 https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-
almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bourbon-reforms

 Ph.D. Zaide G.F. (1983). JOSE RIZAL: Life, Writings of a Genius,

Writer, Scientist and National Hero. p.XXI

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_of_C%C3%A1diz

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812