Human Statistics

Energizer

Objectives
 To practice memory skills
 To improve unity and teamwork of the class.
 Improve vocabulary and focus under pressure.
 To be able to relate the subject in real life.
Mechanics
1.The students must think of an adjective
to describe themselves. The adjective
must suit the student and must also start
with the first letter of their name.
Time Allotment:
5-7 minutes
2.The students have to memorize every
name. The first student just says his
name, but the second and the rest have
to name the previous names before
saying their name. The last student will
have to do the hard work.
Let’s Play!
Chapter 2:
Variables
01 04

02 05

03
01 Numeric Variables
These are variables with values that describe a
measurable numerical quantity and answer the
questions “how many” or “how much” .
 Continuous Variables
a These variables can assume any values between a
certain set of real numbers. The values depend on the scale
used. Continuous variables are also called interval variables.
Some examples are time, age , temperature, height and
weight.
b Discrete Variables
The variables can only assume any whole value within
the limits of the given variables. Some examples are the
number of registered cars , number of business location,
number of children in the family, population of students,
and total number of faculty members.
02 Categorical Variables
Variables with values that describe a quality or
characteristic of a data unit like “what type” or
“which category” .
 Ordinal Variables
a These variables can take a value which can be logically
ordered or ranked. Some examples are academic grades such
as A, B, C; clothing size such as X,XL, M,S; and measures of
attitudes like strongly agree,agree,disagree, or strongly
disagree.
 b Nominal Variables
Variables whose value cannot be organized in logical
sequence. Examples are business types, eye color, kinds
of religion, various languages, and types of learners.
 c Dichotomous Variables
Variables represent only two categories. Some
examples are gender, answer (yes or no), and veracity
(true or false).
d D. Polychotomous variables
These are variables that have many categories.
Examples are educational attainment and level of
performance.
03 Experimental Variables
Variables whose values are independent of
changes in the values of other variables.

a Independent variables
These variables are usually manipulated in an
experiment.

b Dependent variables
These variables are usually affected by the
manipulative of the independent variables. They are also
called response or predict variables.
 c D. Extraneous variables
These variables ae also called mediating or
intervening variables. These variables are already existing
during the conduct of an experiment and could influence the
result of the study. They are known as covariate variables.
Title of research: An Experiment o the Method of Teaching and Language Achievement
Among Elementary Pupils
Independent variable: Method of teaching
Dependent variables: Language achievement
Extraneous variable: Ventilation facilities/ Physical ambulance

Example 1
Title of research: Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the
Amount of Harvest

Independent variable: Use of gardening tools, types of fertilizer

Dependent variables: Amount of Harvest

Extraneous variable: Humidity level; Type of seeds/ plants

Example 2
04 Non-experimental Variables

a Predictor variables
These variables changes the other variable/s in
a non-experimental study.

b Criterion variables
These variables are usually influenced by the
predictor variables.
 Title of Research: Competencies of Teachers and Students’ Behavior in Selected
Private Schools
Predictor Variable: Competencies of teachers
Criterion Variable: Students’ behavior

Example 1
 Title of Research: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree of
Absenteeism and Drop-out Rate Among Grade 8 classes
Predictor Variable: Conduct of guidance counseling programs
Criterion Variable: Degree of absenteeism and drop-out rate

Example 2
 Variables according to the
05 number being studied

a Univariate Study
Only one variable is being studied.

b Bivariate Study
Two variables is being studied.

c Polyvariate Study
More than two variables is being studied.
“ “