COMMUNICATION

A PROCESS OF EXCHANGING
INFORMATION AND
UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
PEOPLE.
• Communication involves
transmission and reception of
messages
• Communication involves peoples
• Communication is a process
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

• Control
• Motivation
• Emotional expression
• Information
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
• Oral Communication
• Written Communication
• Nonverbal Communication
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
SENDER RELATED TERRIERS
• Communication goals
• Communication skills
• Differing frame of reference
• Improper diction
• Inconsistent nonverbal signals
• Fear
• Sender credibility
RECEIVER RELATED BARRIERS
• Selective and poor listening
• Evaluating the source
• Perceptions
Stereo typing
Projection bias
Halo effect
• Lack of responsive feed back
• Meta communication
SITUATION RELATED
BARRIERS
• Jargon
• Information Overload
• Time pressure
• Communication climate
• Noise
• Distance
• Mechanical Failure
 OVERCOMING BARRIERS
Senders responsibility
• Set goals
• Use appropriate language
• Improve credibility
• Encourage Feedback
• Use face to face communication
• Repeat message if required
• Develop trust climate
Receivers Responsibility
• Effective listening
 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
LISTENING
• Physiological limitations
• Inadequate background information
• Selective memory / Selective perception
• Selective expectations
• Fears of being influenced or persuaded
• Interference from emotions
ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
DIRECTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
VERTICAL COMMUNICATION

• Downward communication
• Upward Communication
ELEMENTS OF DOWNWARD
COMMUNICATION
• Simple and common job instructions
• Rationale for task and its relationships to
the rest of organization
• Information regarding procedures and
practices
• Feedback
• Attempts to Indoctrinate subordinates into
accepting and believing in organization
goals.
FORMS OF UPWARD COMMUNICATION

• Employees say about themselves performance,

problems etc.
• About others and their problems
• About organization practices and policies
• About what needs to be done.
 HORIZONTAL
COMMUNICATION
SOME TYPES ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
FORMAL SMALL –GROUP
NETWORKS
GRAPEVINE
Computer – Aided Communication

• E-mail
• Instant Messaging
• Intranet and extranet links
• Video Conferencing
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
CURRENT ISSUES IN
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN
SILENCE AS COMMUNICATION
POLITICALLY CORRECT
COMMUNICATION
CROSS CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION