CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

SCIENCE 6 – SECOND QUARTER

 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Also known as cardiovascular system.
 It is considered as the main transport system of the body.
 It is responsible for the transport of water, nutrients, and
oxygen to the body cells and carries carbon dioxide and
other wastes to excretory organs.
 Three major parts: the heart, the blood, and the blood
vessels.
The Heart
 The Heart Muscle
 It is made up of cardiac muscle cells.
 It is located in the middle of the chest with its apex (lowermost
part) tilted to the left side.
 It is enclosed by the pericardium (thin but very strong sac).
 It has four chambers:
 left and right atria/ auricles – upper chamber
 left and right ventricles – lower chamber
Parts of the Heart
 Parts of the Heart
 The heart has four different hollow areas called
chambers.
 There are two chambers on each side of the heart.
 Each chamber is separated by a valve, which is a flap of
tissue that opens and closes to keep blood flowing in
the right direction.
 Parts of the Heart
 The two chambers on top are called the atria/ auricles.
The atria are the chambers that fill with blood.
 The two chambers on the bottom are called the
ventricles. They pump the blood out of the heart, first
to the lungs and later to the rest of the body.
 The septum is a thick wall of muscle that separates the
two sets of chambers. It separates the left and rights
sides of the heart.
 Parts of the Heart
 The atria, ventricles, and valves work together to pump
blood.
 The atria fill with blood, then pump it into the
ventricles.
 The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart.
 Parts of the Heart
 The heart has four different hollow areas called
chambers.
 There are two chambers on each side of the heart.
 Each chamber is separated by a valve, which is a flap of
tissue that opens and closes to keep blood flowing in
the right direction.
 Cycle of the Heart
 The blood in our bodies is used over and over again.
 Its movement through the heart and around the body
is called circulation and can be viewed as a cycle.
 Beginning at the left side of your heart, fresh, clean
oxygen-rich blood is pumped around our bodies. The
cells throughout our bodies take the oxygen from the
blood and use it as fuel to work and grow.
 Cycle of the Heart
 The cells create carbon dioxide and other wastes that
must be removed to keep the cells healthy.
 The blood is responsible for picking up the waste,
delivering it to the kidneys where, except for the
carbon dioxide, it is removed from the body.
 Cycle of the Heart
 Then the blood, with its load of carbon dioxide, returns to
the right side of the heart.
 The right side of the heart pumps the blood to the lungs to
get rid of the carbon dioxide and to pick up fresh oxygen.
 The oxygen-rich blood goes back to the left side of the
heart and is then pumped around the body to complete the
cycle.
 This all happens in less than a minute!!
 Amazing Facts about Heart
 The heart is about the same size as your fist.
 The heart beats on average 70 times per minute (or
approximately 60-100 times per minute).
 If it is stop beating for 3-4 minutes, permanent brain damage may
occur.
 An adult heart pumps 7,500 liters of blood daily (or
approximately 5 liters of blood per minute).
 It takes about 20 seconds to pump blood to every cell in your
body.
 Amazing Facts about Heart
 Sound of heart beat: lubb-dubb-pause-lubb-dubb-
pause (using stethoscope).
 The “Lub” sound happens when the blood hits valves
between the atria and ventricles.
 The “Dub” sound happens when the blood hits the
aortic and pulmonic valves the close up as the heart
relaxes to fill the blood for the next beat.
The Blood Vessels
 The Blood Vessels

 Blood is carried in a closed system of vessels that

begins and ends at the heart
 The three major types of vessels are arteries,
capillaries, and veins
 Arteries

 Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

 Aorta – the biggest artery
 This branches out into smaller arteries called
arterioles.
 Capillaries
 From the arterioles, the blood is pushed through the capillaries.
 Capillaries contact tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs.
 Function: the food nutrients and oxygen molecules are
transferred from the blood to the cells of the body and carbon
dioxide and other waste are picked up.
 Capillaries have very thin walls which allow the food nutrients
and oxygen molecules to easily pass through.
 Veins or Venules
 Veins carry blood toward the heart
 The walls are thin and slightly elastic.
 2 Large Veins connected to the heart: 1.) Superior Vena Cava; 1.)
Inferior Vena Cava.
 Like, most veins have internal one- way valves spaced at a
regular interval that prevent the blood from flowing backward.
The Blood
 Types of Blood Cells
 red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body
 white blood cells, which fight infections
 platelets, which are cells that help you stop bleeding if you
get a cut
 plasma, a yellowish liquid that carries nutrients, hormones,
and proteins throughout the body
The Blood Circulation
Types of Blood Circulation
1. Pulmonary circulation – short loop that
runs from the heart to the lungs and back to
the heart.
2. Systemic circulation – routes blood
through a long loop to all parts of the body
and returns to the heart.
 Pulmonary Circulation
 Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood
 Involves Right Side of Heart
 Pathway:
1. Superior / Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium  Tricuspid Valve
3. Right Ventricle  Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
4. Left Pulmonary Artery
5. Lungs
 Systemic Circulation
 Systemic = Oxygenated Blood
 Involves Left Side of Heart
 Pathway:
1. Left Pulmonary Vein
2. Left Atrium  Bicuspid Valve
3. Left Ventricle  Aortic Semilunar Valve
4. Aorta
5. All Other Tissues