Guided By, Presented By,

Asst Prof R G Makade, Priyanka Bawane,

Dept of Aeronautical Engg, III Year, B.E, Aeronautical Engg,
PCE, Nagpur Priyadarshini College of Engg,
Nagpur
Content
 Introduction of Project
 Motivation of the project
 Problem statement
 Objectives of the Project
 Challenges
 Design Methodology
 Implementation, Results, Comparison with existing technologies /
devices, Conclusion
 What is new / innovative in your project?
 Outcomes of the Project
 Social Impact of the Project (How your project is useful to the society?)
 Potential for commercialization of your project

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 Introduction

 Research on transition to turbulence in a cylindrical pipe

goes back more than one hundred years to 1883 when
Osborne Reynolds performed his famous experiments. He
found that a laminar flow in a pipe becomes unstable if the
dimensionless number which now a days carries his name
exceeds a certain critical value. Even today, his finding has
not been explained satisfactorily by theory and we still know
relatively little about the processes and mechanisms
involved in the transition of cylindrical pipe flow. This
classical problem is to be considered as still open.
 The change from laminar to turbulent flow is accompanied
by a large change in flow related processes such as mixing,
heat transfer and drags which all increase dramatically. This
has for instance important consequences for various
industrial applications in which transitional pipe flow is
encountered and a correct prediction of the transition in this
case is very important.

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Motivation of the project
 The resultant aerodynamics force generated over the wing
surface is a strong function of Reynolds number.
 The resultant aerodynamic force is due to two basic sources
 Pressure distribution over the wing surface and shear stress
distribution over the wing surface.
 Higher the Reynolds number higher is the shear stress
distribution, thus increases the drag which result in the reduction
of the Lift.
 If the Reynolds number can be controlled or at a higher Reynolds
number the flow maintain the Characteristic of laminar flow than
the drag can be minimized to a larger extend

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 Objectives of the Project
 To delay the conversion of laminar flow to turbulent flow so that
the shear stress involved can reduced to a larger extend

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 Fabrication of Experimental Test Setup
 The pipe-flow facility used for our experiments has been
designed especially for the purpose to demonstrate laminar
flow at high Reynolds number. In this section a brief description
of the flow facility is mentioned.

 A schematic overview of the facility is given in figure 1.

 The main part of the facility consists of a PVC pipe with an inner
diameter of 8 inch, and a total length of 18 inch.

 From fig. 1 the left end of the pipe is connected with PVC cap of
8 inch. A 1 inch hole is made on the 8 inch PVC cap to connect a
value thought which a flow will enter.

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  The right end of the pipe is connected to convergent section (8
inch x 4 inch convergent coupling).

 The top end of the 8 inch x 4 inch convergent coupling is

connected to 4 inch PVC cap.

 At the centre of the 4 inch PVC cap a 1 inch hole is made to

connect an outlet section with the 4 inch PVC cap.

 The internal structure of the 8 inch x 4 inch convergent coupling

is connected with a conical section which is made of the upper
portion of two liter Pepsi bottle and is rigidly fixed using an
adhesive.

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  To eliminate flow disturbance from entering the pipe, a
settling chamber has been designed. Swirl is suppressed here
with the help of honeycombs and other flow disturbances are
damped with a 2 set of screens.

 A number of drinking straws are inserted filling the entire

cross section of the 8 inch PVC pipe.

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 Figure:1 Internal Structure of the setup

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 Mathematical Analysis
Volumelitre 
Volume flow rate at the exit sec tion 
time s 
7 litre 

35 s 
 0.2 litre / s 
3

 0.0002 m
s

volume flow rate

velocity 
area
0.0002

  0.0092
 0.79 m / s

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 velocity  diameter
reynolds number
kinematic vis cosity
0.79  0.009

0.000000801
 8830 .90
 This is much higher than the critical value imposed by Osborne
Reynolds for flow through a pipe.

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 Result
 The Reynolds number calculated at the exit of the setup is
found to be 8830.90.

 At a Reynolds number of 8830.90 the exit flow is still able to

maintain a laminar flow.

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 Conclusion
 Laminar flow occurs only when the Reynolds number is less than
2200 but with the help of this model we are able to demonstrate
laminar flow at Reynolds number 8830.90.

 The unsteady nature of the flow is initially reduced in the settling

chamber/ honey come structure.

 The flow is future pass through a number of drinking straws which

act as a micro channel for the flow

 The cross-sectional area of the drinking straws are constant hence

there is neither increase nor decrease in velocity

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  We can assume the flow through a drinking straws take place at
constant velocity, thus the Reynolds number of the flow through a
drinking straws decrease since the cross-sectional area is a
function of Reynolds number.

 The flow further passes through a convergent section where the

velocity increases.

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 Social Impact of the Project
(How your project is useful to the society?)
 This can be one of the greatest assets for the water saving devices.

 It can be one of the greatest assets for fire Bridget since laminar
flow can cover a larger distance as compared to turbulent flow
 It can be used for the Fabrication of laminar flow fountain

 It can be one of the greatest assets for sky scrapper since the
intensity of water through a household tap is very high (the flow is
turbulent in nature) which cause splitting of water, this device can
convert the turbulent nature of water to laminar.

 Laminar flow are used in biomedical and industries to remove the

impurities in the critical space of any instruments.
any many more……………………………………

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 Potential for commercialization of your project
 The fundamental of the project can be widely used in many aspect
where the fluid play a vital role
 Aerospace Engg/ Aeronautical engg
the lift is generated by the uneven flow distribution over the
upper surface and lower surface of the wing, the flow over the
wing is mainly turbulent in nature which increases the skin
friction drag the fundamental of the project can be used to delay
the conversion of laminar flow to turbulent flow.

 Marine Engg

 Automobile sector
any many more……………………………………

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