Capitulo 5

Pressure-Volume-Temperature for Oil

PVT analysis – PVT relationship

Gas  simple
scf condition  underground condition
Oil  complex (because of bubble po int)
 Three main oil PVT parameters
 The three main parameters required to relate
surface to reservoir volumes for an oil
reservoir:

- Rs: The solution (or dissolved) gas-oil ratio

- Bo: The oil formation volume factor
- Bg: The gas formation volume factor
 Definition of the basic oil PVT parameters
- Rs: The solution (or dissolved) gas-oil ratio
[]
SCF gas at reservoir P&T
STB oil
- Bo: The oil formation volume factor
RB (oil  dissolved gas)
[ ]
STB oil at reservoir P&T

- Bg: The gas formation volume factor

RB free gas
[]
SCF gas
T  60 F
Note : Standard Condition
p  14.7 psia

Rs , Bo , Bg  f ( P, T ) For T = const. R s , Bo , B g  f ( P )
 Determination and Conversion of PVT
Data
 Determination of three main oil PVT parameters(RS, Bo, Bg)
-> PVT = f (P only) by routine laboratory analysis

 Conversion of PVT data, as presented by the laboratory, to

the form required in the field,
Laboratory - an absolute set of measurements
Field - depend up as the manner of surface
separation of the gas and oil
 The complexity of Oil PVT
 For gas, PVT relation pV  nzRT
p
E  35.37 [] scf
zT rcf

-- Simple relation

 For oil, PVT relation > Complex;

PVT parameters must be measured by
laboratory analysis of crude oil samples.
>Relationship between surface and
reservoir hydrocarbon volumes.
 The complexity of Oil PVT
 The complexity in relating surface volumes of hydrocarbon
production to their equivalent volumes in the reservoir can
be appreciated by considering the following figures:

Undersaturated oil
saturated oil

gas saturated oil

+ free gas (or liberated solution gas)

They are traveling in reservoir at different velocity

 How to divide the observed surface gas
production into liberated and dissolved gas
volumes in the reservoir?

 Control in relating surface volumes of

production to underground withdrawal is
gained by knowing the three oil PVT
parameters which can be measured by
laboratory experiments performed on
samples of the reservoir oil, plus its
originally dissolved gas.
Oil Reservoir & Surface Volume
– Above Bubble Point
Undersaturated oil
 Oil Reservoir & Surface Volume
– Below Bubble Point

Saturated oil

gas saturated oil

+ free gas (or liberated
solution gas)

They are traveling in

reservoir at different
velocity
 The instantaneous gas-oil ratio or
producing gas-oil ratio

R( SCF )
the instantaneous gas-oil
STB
ratio or producing
gas-oil ratio

(Underground withdrawal)  Bo  ( R  Rs )  Bg ( RB )
STB STB
 Presión Bo Rs Bg
(psia) (rb/stb) (scf/stb (rb/stb)
4,000 1.2417 510
3,500 1.2480 510
3.300(Pb) 1.2511 510 0.00087
3,000 1.2222 450 0.00096
2,700 1.2022 401 0.00107
2,400 1.1822 352 0.00119
2,100 1.2417 510 0.00137
1,800 1.1450 257 0.00161
1,500 1.1287 214 0.00196
1,200 1.1115 167 0.00249
900 1.0940 122 0.00333
600 1.0763 78 0.00519
300 1.0583 35 0.01066

Presión en superficie a 150 psia y 80ºF y el factor de encogimiento Cbf= 0.7993(stb/rbb)

Bo as Function of Pressure
Rs as Function of Pressure
Bg and E as Function of Pressure
Producing Gas-oil Ratio (R) as Function of Pressure
 Exercise 2.1 - Underground withdrawal

qo  x ( STB )
Given: D measured at t during the
q g  y ( SCF )
D producing life

Calculate:
[in _( RB )]  ?
(1) Underground withdrawal rate D expressed in
terms of x & y
(2) Underground withdrawal rate [in _(RB D)]  ?
if pres = 2400 psia , qo =2500 STB/D , qg=2.125 MMscf/D
and
PVT data in fig. 2.5(a)~(c) (p.51) or table 2.4 (P.65)

(3) Pressure gradient of oil =?

if
 o  52.8 lbm / ft3(at s.c), r
g  0.67 (air  1), p  2400 psia
(1) R = y/x = qg/qo [=] SCF/STB
p is known  Bo ; Rs ; Bg

Underground withdrawal
qo  x( STB )  Bo ( RB )  x  Bo ( RB )
D STB D
y
q g  x( STB )  (  Rs )( SCF )  Bg ( RB )
D x STB SCF
y
 x(  Rs ) B g ( RB )
x D
y
q t  q o  q g  x  Bo  x  (  R s )  B g
x
 P = 2400 psia
from table 2.4  Bo =1.1822 RB/STB
Rs = 352 SCF/STB
Bg = 0.0012 RB/SCF
x = qo = 2500 STB/D;
y = qg = 2.125 MMSCF/D
 qo  2500  1.1822  2955.5 RB
D
2.125  10 6
q g  2500  (  352)  0.0012  1494 RB
2500 D

qt  qo  q g  2955.5  1494  4449.5 RB

D
 dP
(3)  o g
dD

To find  o , applying mass balance, such as

Mass of 1 STB of oil Mass of Bo RB of oil

+ = +
Rs scf dissolved gas at dissolved gas in the
standard condition reservoir condition
 lbm 5.615 SCF lbm SCF
[ osc ( )  1 ( STB) ]   gsc ( )[ Rs  1 ( STB)]
SCF 1 STB SCF STB
lbm RB 5.61458 ft 3
 or ( 3 ) 1 ( STB )  Bo ( )
ft STB 1 RB
 5.615  osc  Rs   gsc  5.615 Bo or
5.615osc  Rs  gsc 5.615 osc  Rs [rg  0.0763]
 or  
5.615Bo 5.615 Bo
5.615  52.8  352[0.67  0.0763]
  47.37 lbm / ft 3
5.615  1.1822
 

dP lbm 1 slug ft slug ft

 or g  (47.37 3  )  (32.2 2 )  47.37  3  2
dD ft 32.2 lbm s ft s
lb f 1 ft 2 47.37 lb f 1
 47.37 3  2

ft 144 in 144 in 2 ft
 0.329 psi / ft