By sri nivethaa.

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 A process whereby small particles gathered
into large, permanent masses in which the
original particles can still be identified.
 Granulation is Joining particles within a given
granulation process will improve flow and
compression characteristics, reduce
segregation, improve content uniformity, and
eliminate excessive amounts of fine particles.
The results will be improved yields, reduced
tablet defects, increased productivity, and
reduced down time.
 Three basic techniques are used to prepare
powders for compression into a tablet:
1.Direct compression
2.Dry compression
3.Wet granulation
 This method is used when a group of
ingredient can be blended and placed in a
tablet press to make a tablet without any of
the ingredients having to be changed.
 This process is used when the product needed to
be granulated may be sensitive to moisture and
heat.
 Dry granulation can be conducted on a press
using slugging tooling or on a roller compactor
commonly referred to as a chilsonator.
 The initial bland of powders is forced into the
die of a large-capacity tablet press and is
compacted by means of flat-faced punches, the
compacted mass called slugs and the process is
referred to as“Slugging”.
 e.g. Aspirin, Vitamins
 Wet granulation form the granules by binding the
powder together with an adhesive, instead of by
compaction.
 Binder may have different form
 Solution
 Suspension
 Slurry
Binder depends on:
 Solubility (aqueous or non-aqueous solution)
 Component mixture
 When small quantity is permissible, then binder is
blended in dry powder initially.
 In large quantity is refried, then binder is usually
dissolved in liquid.
 These type of granulators are applicable:
 Littleford loading mixer
 Diosna (RMG type)
 Littleford MGT
 Gral mixer/granulator (modified industrial
planetary mixer)
 Fluid bed granulator
 It is the process in which granules are
formed by the application of pressure.
 Pressure can be applied by using Rotery
Compression or Chilsonater

 There are two dry granulation methods used

in the pharma industry:
 slugging
 roll compaction.
 Slugging (Old Method) • material to be
granulized is first made into a large
compressed mass or "slug" typically by way of
a tablet press using large flat-faced tooling.
 • material particles are consolidated and
densified by passing the material between
two high-pressure rollers.
 • densified material from a roller compactor
is then reduced to a uniform granule size by
milling.
 • capable of handling a large amount of
material in a short period of time
 • Invented by Francis Xavier Chilson
 1.Weight uniformity test.
 2. Dissolution profile.
 3. Friability test.
 The granules must be: packaged in order to
be used as final pharmaceutical dosage form,
or added to other substances for example to
prepare the tablets, So, we must avoid the
transformation of the granules into powder
during the manipulation processes.