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Summarizing vs Paraphrasing
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Summarizing vs Paraphrasing
SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING
Does not match the source Does not match the source
word for word. word for word.
Involves putting the main Involves putting a
idea into your own words, passage from a source
but including only the into your own words.
main points.
Presents a broad Changes the words or
overview, so is usually phrasing of a passage,
much shorter than the but retains and fully
original text communicates the original
meaning
Must be attributed to the Must be attributed to the
original source original source
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A paraphrase is…
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Paraphrasing is a valuable skill
because...
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6 Steps to Effective
Paraphrasing
1. Reread the original passage until you
understand its full meaning.
2. Set the original aside, and write your
paraphrase on a note card.
3. Jot down a few words below your
paraphrase to remind you later how you
envision using this material. At the top of the
note card, write a key word or phrase to
indicate the subject of your paraphrase.
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6 Steps to Effective
Paraphrasing
4. Check your rendition with the original
to make sure that your version accurately
expresses all the essential information in a
new form.
5. Use quotation marks to identify any
unique term or phraseology you have
borrowed exactly from the source.
6. Record the source (including the page)
on your note card so that you can credit it
easily if you decide to incorporate the
material into your paper. 7
Some examples to compare:
A plagiarized version:
Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes,
resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact,
probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly
quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source
material copied while taking notes.
Some examples to compare:
An acceptable summary:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources
to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper
(Lester and James,1976).
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep
quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually
originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material
recorded verbatim (Lester and James,1976).
EXAMPLE
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1. It has been reported that the richest one percent of Americans
own 40% of the country's wealth.
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3. Research data suggest that girls who witnessed maternal abuse
may tolerate abuse as adults more than girls who did not.
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Evaluation
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Use your own words to paraphrase the following sentences.
1. A local newspaper claims that 75% of all homeless people do
not like homeless shelters and prefer to live as they do now.
2. Ronny told his aunt that a bear had attacked him, which she
found difficult to believe.
3. Anyone who has ever driven through the Mojave Desert knows
that one should always carry a supply of extra water.
4. Of the 138 million acres of land that Native Americans owned
in 1887, 90 million acres were taken away by whites by
1932.
5. A woman who was nominated by the president to head the
department was quickly approved by the board of trustees.
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Possible Answers:
1. An article in a local newspaper reports that three out of four
homeless people think that the streets are better than the so-called
homeless shelters.
2. Ronny's aunt did not really believe his story about the bear
attack.
3. The Mojave Desert is so hot that it is dangerous to try to cross it
without plenty of water.
4. By 1932, Native Americans had less than half of the land they
had owned only 45 years earlier.
5. The board of trustees agreed with the president to appoint a
woman head of the department.
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