Economiser

What is economiser?
“A Device , which increases the temprature
of feed water using waste heat of flue
gases leaving the boiler through chimney.
• Previously economizer are placed before feed water heater.
• Effect of placing economizer before feed water heater
If the economizer is placed before feed water heater- the tube wall
temperature of feed water will be less as economizer receives the
water with low temperature directly from well.
As the wall temperature is less(below dew point temperature) the
moisture contained by the flue gas gets condensed -when the flue
gas comes in contact with tube wall.
Consequence –corrosion- due to presence of SO2 in the flue gas.
Modern boiler the economizer is placed after feed water heater.
Economizer tube Od-45mm-70mm, pitch-45mm
Materials- steel
Economiser
•construction

•working

•advantages
•disadvantages
 Construction of
economisers
 Consists of a large numbers of vertical cast irons (steel
water pipes)
 One end of vertical pipe connected with horizontal pipe A &
another end with B.
 The feed water enters into economiser through the
bottom pipe A.
 Then, it comes into top pipe B through the vertical pipes.
 After that ,it comes into boiler for further working.
 The hot flue gases coming from boiler pass over the
vertical tubes of economizer.
• OBSERVE :
The heat transfer takes place from flue
gases to cold water rising in vertical tubes of
economizer either in cross flow or counter flow.
The soot of flue gases which gets deposited
on the vertical pipes REDUCES
EFFICIENCY of the economiser.

TO PREVENT SOOT DEPOSIT ,the

scrapers S move up & down by chain and
gears to keep the external surface of the
pipe clean(for better HEAT TRANSFER)
A BLOW OFF COCK VALVE is
provided at back end of vertical
pipes to remove sediments
deposited in the bottom boxes .
A SAFETY VALVE provided at the
end of the pipe A for the safety of
the pipes.
 Advantages
Higher feed water temperature tend to
reduce boiler thermal stersses, so life
of boiler increased.
Economisers utilized waste heat from flue
gases, so fuel consumption of
boiler reduces.
Increased evaporate capacity
of boiler.
 Disadvantages
Economisers placed at passage of
the flow of flue gases , so
pressure drop take place of
flue gases (loss of draught)
 DESIGN OF ECONOMIZER
ASSUMPTION:
• The properties are remains constant under steady state conditions
and neglect surrounding losses.
• Kinetic and potential energies are neglected.
DESIGN ANALYSIS:
Heat Transfer,
QECO  mg C pg Tg1  Tg 2   m fwC pfw Tsat  T fw   UA0 tlm F
• Where m = mass of fluid in kg
C = specific heat of water in kj/kg oc
• In Counter flow LMTD 
ti  te
t
ln i
te

ti  Tg1  Tsat te  Tg 2  T fw

Overall heat transfer coefficient

1 1 1 x 1 1
   w  
U 0 A0 hsc Ai hi Ai k w Alm h fo Ao ho Ao

• As gas side heat transfer coefficient is less than liquid side to

balance the thermal loading on both side in the fins are provided at
outer side to increase the heat transfer coefficient.
• If heat transfer coefficient  ho , hi 
are not known
can be found out by knowing Re,Pr and then Nu
And from Nu heat transfer coefficients may be found out
• As we know
hd
Nu 
kf

• From Ditus-Boelter equation

• Nu  0.023Re0.8 Pr n
• n=0.4 for heated
• n=0.3 for cooled
• After getting U
• We can find Area A o

• From QECO  U o A0 tlm F

• Then from Ao we can get d0
• from
Ao  n do l
• Inner diameter can be found out from mass flow
rate of water.
• It is assumed that saturated water flows in the
tubes. m    n 4 d V
fw fsat i
2
fw
 
• Higher velocity more heat transfer but higher pumping power
• Hence flue gas velocity is maintained at 10-12m/sec anf water velocity 1-2m/sec.