Definisi Asam-Basa

Prof. Dr. Sudibyo Martono, M.S., Apt.

 Definition

There are 3 definitions used to describe

acids and bases:
- Arrhenius
- BrØnsted-Lowry
- Lewis
The most traditional is Arrhenius acids
and bases.
 Review of Acid and Base
Definitions
 Arrhenius
Most specific/exclusive definition
Created by Svante Arrhenius, Swedish
Acid: compound that creates H+ in an aqueous
solution
HNO3  H+ + NO3-
Base: compound that creates OH- in an aqueous
solution
NaOH  Na+ + OH-
 Review of Acid and Base
Definitions
 Bronsted-Lowry
More general definition than Arrhenius definition
Most commonly used definition
Created by 2 scientists around the same time
(1923)
Acid: Molecule or ion that is a proton (H+) donor
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

Base: Molecule or ion that is a proton (H+) acceptor

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-
 Review of Acid and Base
Definitions
 Lewis
Most general definition
Defined by electrons and bonding rather than H+
Created by the same scientist who electron-dot
diagrams are named after
Acid: atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an
electron pair to form a covalent bond
NH3 + Ag+  [Ag(NH3)2]+

Base: atom, ion, or molecule that donates an

electron pair to form a covalent bond
BF3 + F-  BF4-
 Definitions
• Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…
– Acids form hydrogen ions (H+)

HCl + H2O  H + Cl +
Also called hydronium ions (H3O+)
–

H
H + –
O O Cl
Cl
H H H H

acid
 Definitions
• Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…
– Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-)

NH3 + H2O  NH4 + OH + -

H H
+ –
N O N O
H H H H
H H H H

base
 Another common way to refer to
Definitions hydrogen ions is to call them
“protons”

• Brønsted-Lowry
– Acids are proton (H+) donors.
– Bases are proton (H+) acceptors.

HCl + H2O  Cl + H3O – +

acid base
conjugate base conjugate acid
Conjugate acid – particle formed when a base gains a H+
Conjugate base – particle that remains when an acid has
donated a H+ • .
Definitions
• Lewis
– Acids are electron pair acceptors.
– Bases are electron pair donors.

Lewis Lewis
base acid
Trayek perubahan warna indikator
Terima Kasih

E-mail: sudib_kekes@yahoo.co.id
Prof. Dr. Sudibyo Martono, M.S., Apt.