PLUMBING WORKS

Abella – Gailanan - Rivas

DEFINITION
• System of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the
distribution and use of potable water and the removal of
waterborne wastes.
• Usually distinguished from water and sewage systems that serve a
group of buildings or a city.
• WATER SERVICE PLUMBING WORK
• SANITARY WORK
• WASTE DISPOSAL
-drainage system
-venting system
WORK SPECIFICATIONS
• INTERNAL SANITARY WORKS
• INTERNAL POTABLE/ DOMESTIC WATER
• INTERNAL SEWARAGE PIPING
• EXTERNAL POTABLE/ DOMESTIC WATER
• EXTERNAL SEWERAGE PIPING
• PUMPS COMPRISING OF SUBMERSIBLE/ MONOBLOCK PUMPS
METHODOLOGY
1. ADMINISTRATION
– Drawings
• Prepare a schedule of drawings
– Construction Schedule
• A construction schedule shall be prepared based on the target dates provided by the client/ consultant.
– Materials
• Materials proposal
• Material procurement schedule
– Workmen
• Sufficient workforce
– Project Management
• Workers of the site can be organized as according to the project organization chart issued at the
beginning of the project.
– Safety Plan
• A safety plan or wellbeing design shall also be submitted prior to the beginning of work.
METHODOLOGY
2. INSTALLATION
– Excavation of Trenches
– External Piping – Water supply
– External Piping – Sewerage & Storm Water
– Shaft Piping
– Pipes in wall chases
– Pipes in sunken floor or suspended in ceiling (Drainage)
– Sanitary fixtures
– Disinfection
METHODOLOGY
• 3. DOCUMENTATION
– As installed Drawings
– Operation & Maintenance Manuals
– Virtual Completion Certificate
MATERIALS (PLUMBING WORKS)
WATER SERVICE PIPES
• The pipe from the water main or
other source of potable water supply,
or from the meter when the meter is
at the public right of way, to the
water distribution system of the
building served.
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
• A pipe within the structure or on the
premises that conveys water from the
water service pipe, or from the meter
when the meter is at the structure, to
the point of utilization.
(TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
GALVANIZED IRON (GI) OR
IRON PIPES

• where water flow is slow or static for

periods of time because it causes rust
from internal corrosion
• give an unpalatable taste and smell
to the water conveyed under
corrosive conditions
STEEL PIPES

• comparatively expensive
• strongest and most durable of all water supply
pipes
• can withstand high water pressure
• easily welded
MATERIALS (TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
CAST IRON PIPES

• stable and well suited for high water

pressure
• heavy, which makes them unsuitable
for inaccessible places due to
transportation problems
• due to their weight they generally
come in short lengths increasing
costs for layout and jointing.
MATERIALS (TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
CONCRETE CEMENT /
ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE

• Expensive
• non-corrosive
• advantage is that they are extremely
strong and durable
• being bulky and heavy, they are
harder and more costly to handle,
install and transport
MATERIALS (TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
COPPER PIPES

• These pipes are used in hot water

installation. They have high tensile

strength and can therefore have thin

walls and they can be bent easily.

MATERIALS (TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
PVC PIPES
(polyvinyl chloride)
• non-corrosive There are 3 common types of plastic
pipes are available in market, as given
• extremely light and thus easy to below.
handle and transport
• Unplasticized PVC (UPVC) or rigid
• come in long lengths that lower pipes for use with cold water
installation/transportation costs
• Plasticized PVC pipes which are
• prone to physical damage if exposed plasticized with addition of rubber.
over ground It has lower strength and lower
working temperature than UPVC
pipes.
• used increasingly these days for
supply of cold water in external and
internal plumbing work. • Chlorinated PVC (CPVC) pipes
which can withstand higher
temperatures upto 120 degree (used
• They are light in weight, non- to carry hot water)
corrosive, lower in cost and do not
require any threading for
connections.
MATERIALS (TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
ABS PIPES • Are easier and less expensive to
(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) install than metal piping

• Do not rot, rust, corrode or

collect waste

• Resist mechanical damage,

even at low temperatures

• Perform at an operational
temperature up to 140°F (60°C)

• Are lightweight (one person

can load and unload)

• resistant to most acids, alkalis

and salts.
MATERIALS (TYPES OF PLUMBING PIPES)
PEX • It is flexible
(or crosslinked polyethylene)
• Resistant chlorine

• doesn't corrode or
develop pinholes

• faster to install than

metal or rigid plastic

• fewer connections and

fittings.
Water Service
Pipe
 Water
Distribution
Pipe
Drainage
and Vent
Pipe
Sewer
Pipe
Storm Sewer Pipe
Storm
Drain
Pipe
MATERIALS (PLUMBING TOOLS)
HACKSAW PIPE CUTTER
MATERIALS (PLUMBING TOOLS)
SELF-LOCKING, HINGED PIPE
CHAIN PIPE VICE
VICE
MATERIALS (PLUMBING TOOLS)
SEAL TAPE
MATERIALS (PLUMBING TOOLS)
STILLSON PIPE WRENCH ADJUSTABLE SPANNER
MATERIALS (PLUMBING FITTINGS)

•Elbow •Coupling •Plug

•Reducer •Unions •Cap

•Tee type •Adaptors •Valve

•Cross type •Olet

ELBOW PIPE

• used to change the direction of flow

between two pipes.

Reducer is a pipe fitting component

which reduces the flow size from larger
to smaller by reducing size of pipe.
TEE TYPE PIPE

• T-shape. It is having one inlet and

two outlets; outlets are arranged at 90
degrees to the main line connection
(inlet). It can also be used to combine
the flow from two inlets to one outlet.
CROSS TYPE FITTINGS

• contains 4 opening in 4 directions.

These are connected when there are 4
pipes are meeting at a point. Cross
fittings are generally used for fire
sprinkler systems.
COUPLING

• A coupling is used to connect the

pipes of same diameter. Coupling are
also useful if the pipe is broken or
leakage occurs.
UNION

• is a type of fitting, which functions as

similar to coupling. But coupling
cannot be removed after fixing but in
this case we can remove the union
whenever we needed. Unions
consists nut, male and female ended
threads. So, this is also useful for
maintaining purpose of pipe.
ADAPTERS

• If the pipes are not having special

ends or plain ends then adaptors
make them threaded either male or
female whichever is needed.
Adopters are generally used for
copper and PVC pipes.
PLUG

• Plug is a component of plumbing

component which is generally used

to close pipe opening during

inspections and repairs. Plug are

generally contains male threads.

CAP

• is a type of pipe fitting which function

is same as plug but the only difference

is plug contain male threads and cap

contain female threads which is screws

on the male thread of pipe. These are

available in different materials like

rubber, copper, steel, plastic etc.

VALVES IN PIPE FITTINGS- A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid

• Gate valve, plug valve and Ball valve – Gate valve is the most common type of valve in

any process plant. It is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow.

• Globe valve – Globe Valves are used in the systems where flow control is required and

leak tightness is also necessary. Globe valve provides better shut off as compared to gate

valve and it is costlier than gate valve.

• Butterfly valve – Butterfly valve has a short circular body. Butterfly Valve is suitable for

large valve applications due to Compact, lightweight design that requires considerably

less space, as compared to other valves.

• Pinch Valve - is ideally suited for the handling of slurries, liquids with large amounts

of suspended solids, and systems that convey solid material pneumatically.

MATERIALS
WATER TANK

• Used to provide storage of water for

use in many applications, drinking

water, irrigation agriculture, fire

suppression, agricultural farming,

etc.
MATERIALS

Vent pipe

• Sheet copper and lead for vent pipe flashing – intended to decrease water penetration at

objects such as vent pipes walls windows, door opening to make buildings durable, and

reduce indoor mold problems

MATERIALS (Storm Drainage)
Storm Sewer Pipe
MATERIALS (Storm Drainage)
Sub Soil Drain Pipe

Subsoil drainage protects your property from water damage. This system are used to remove
excessive water from the soil surrounding your property in architectural, sewage and
irrigation applications and to provide water to plants as well as drain sewage away from
your property.
MATERIALS (Storm Drainage)
Roof Drain

A roof drain is installed on a building roof

or canopy to convey storm water from the

roof or canopy to the storm drainage sewer

or retaining area.
MATERIALS
Pipe Fittings for Storm Drainage
SEPTIC TANK

• Provide wastewater
treatment for small
populations, such as
individual residences,
small institutions, schools,
etc.

• The majority of septic tanks

are constructed out of
concrete, fiberglass,
polyethylene or coated
steel.

Reference: https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IRC2018
Plumber Duties & Responsibilities

• Install pipes and plumbing fixtures

• Visually inspect equipment and operate test equipment such as pressure and vacuum gauges to
determine the cause and location of trouble

• Clear obstructions from sink drains and toilets

• Troubleshoot problems and decide how to fix them

• Repair pipes and plumbing fixtures

• Estimate costs of installations and repairs

• Present recommendations and related pricing to customers

• Plumbers must be capable of performing these tasks to ensure the proper functioning of
properties' plumbing systems.
PLUMBERS SKILLS & COMPETENCIES

• To work in this occupation, you will need certain soft skills. These are strengths with which individuals are born or
acquire through life experience. They will allow you to succeed as a plumber.

• Listening Skills: The ability to pay attention to what customers say allows you to understand their problems.

• Troubleshooting: After listening to a complaint, you will have to determine its cause and then figure out how to
make the proper repairs.

• Critical Thinking: When solving a problem, it is essential to weigh possible solutions before choosing the best one.

• Verbal Communication: You must be able to clearly explain to customers the required work and related costs.

• Physical Strength: Plumbers must be able to lift heavy equipment and tools.

WORK ENVIRONMENT

• Plumbers usually travel to different work sites each day, performing their jobs in homes, office buildings, and
factories. They work in tight spaces, typically indoors, but some may work outside, even in poor weather.