2019

STAGES OF WOMEN
INFANT
 The first stage is that of an Infant.
 The baby girl.Happy , cuddling,dressing and enjoy
 The best phase for both the child & parents.
CHILD
 Next is that of a Child.
 Carefree, Confident and shy, sweet, lovely to talk to,
 she slowly starts to try & understand the world around
her.
 A cute innocent phase when every area is questioned &
answers have to be given
adolescence
 Growing up blooming beautifully becoming aware of
herself.
 Friends play a very important role.
 This continues till she is through school & college.
 Life gives her opportunities to understand why she is
different & what makes her beautiful
 Next is the young lady
 Maa
 Grand maa
Coming of Age: The Body at
Puberty
 Puberty means hormonally directed changes in a girl’s body and brain.

 It refers to entire developmental sequence leading to sexual and

reproductive maturity.
 Its physical signs include
 accelerated growth,
 breast development,
 pubic and axillary (armpit) hair growth, and the body odor that results

 from the activation of apocrine glands in those areas.

 The first menstrual period occurs near the end of this process. This
entire progression usually takes about four and a half years,

 About 6 months or so before getting her first period, a girl might notice
an increased amount of clear vaginal discharge.

 When a girl first gets her period, doctors call it . Menarche

Female Life Stages

 Women's life stages are based on the reproductive

cycle, beginning with menstruation, and ending with
menopause.
 Each month an egg is released from the ovary during
ovulation. It travels down the fallopian tube, where it
may be fertilized by a sperm.
 If fertilized, it implants in the lining of the uterus. If
not, the egg and lining are shed during menstruation.
 This continues until pre-menopause — the time when
a woman's body begins the natural transition to
menopause.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Menstrual cycle — An important
process of Human Reproduction

 The process of setting in of Menstrual cycle in human

females at puberty is called menarche.
 What is this menstrual cycle
 The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till
the next one is called the menstrual cycle.
 in human females, the average length of the
menstruation cycle is 28 to 29 days.
 extremely variable.
Phases of menstrual cycle.
 Menstrual cycle consists of 3 phases:
 i)Menstrual phase
 ii)Follicular phase
 iii) Luteal phase
 Diagrammatic Representation of different phases of
Menstrual cycle along with changes occurring in
uterus, Pituitary & Ovarian hormones
Menstrual phase

 The cycle starts with the menstrual flow (3 to 5 days),

caused due to the breakdown of the endometrium* of
the uterus. Blood vessels in liquid state are discharged,
but this occurs only when the ovum is not fertilised.

The endometrium undergoes changes during the

menstrual cycle
Follicular phase

 In this phase, the primary follicles mature into the

Graffian follicles. This causes the regeneration of the
endometrium.

 These changes are brought about by ovarian and

pituitary hormones.

 In this phase, the release of gonadotropins from

pituitary gland (LH and FSH) increases. This causes
follicular growth in the ovaries and the growing
follicles produce estrogen from ovaries.
ovulation
 During the middle of the menstrual cycle, one ovum is
released & it is called ovulation.

 If the ovum gets fertilized by the sperm then it results

in the formation of Zygote & complete development of
this zygote results in the formation of new human
being.
Luteal Phase
 The remains of the Graffian follicles get converted into
the corpus luteum,which secretes progesterone for the
maintenance of the endometrium layer of uterus.

 In the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum

degenerates, thereby causing the disintegration of the
endometrium and the start of a new cycle.

 In human females, the menstrual cycle ceases to operate at

the age of 50 years. This phase is known as the menopaus
How Often Does a Girl Get Her Period?

 Some girls will find that their menstrual cycle lasts 28

days,whereas others might have a 24-day cycle, a 30-
day cycle, or even longer.
 Irregular periods are common in girls who are just begi
nning to menstruate. or she gets more
used to her own unique cycle —
she will probably find that she can
predict when her period will come.
 keep track of your menstrual cycle with a calendar.
How Long and How Much
 The amount of time that a girl has her period also can
vary.
 Some girlshave periods that last just 2 or 3 days. Other
girls may have periodsthat last 7 days.
 It is
only about 2 tablespoons (30 milliliters) for an entire p
eriod.
 Most girls change pads 3 to 6 times a day..
Contact your doctor when

 your period lasts longer than a week

 your blood soaks thorough more than one pad every 1–
2 hours
 you go longer than 3 months between periods
 you have bleeding in between periods
 you have an unusual amount of pain before or during y
ourperiod
 your periods were regular then became irregular
Cramps
 Lots of girls notice body or mood changes around the time of the
ir periods.
 Menstrual cramps are pretty common.
 More than half of all
women who get periods say they have cramps during the first few
days.
 prostaglandin that causes the muscles of the uterus to contract.
 Cramps can be dull and achy or sharp and intense. . Exercising
regularly throughout the monthly cycle may help lessen cramps,
too.
 If these things don't help, ask your doctor for advice.
PMS and Pimples
 Some girls and women find that they feel sad or easily irritated
may get angry more quickly than normal or cry more than usual. (PMS).

 PMS is related to changes in the body's hormones. As hormone levels

rise and fall during a woman's menstrual cycle, some feel bloated or puffy
because of water retention, others notice swollen and sore breasts,and some ge
t headaches.

 PMS usually goes away soon after a period begins, but it can comeback month a
fter month. .
 It's also not uncommon for girls to have an acne flare-
up duringcertain times of their cycle; again, this is due to hormones.

 Fortunately, the pimples associated with periods tend to become lessof a proble
m as girls get older.
Pads, Tampons, and Liners
 Once you begin menstruating, you'll need to use something to
Absorb the blood. Most girls use a pad or a tampon.
.
 Somegirls use only pads (particularly when they first start menstruatig)
some use only tampons, and some switch around —

 tampons duringthe day and pads at night, for example.

 Periods shouldn't get in the way of exercising, sports persons swimming

.
 If you have questions about pads, tampons, or coping with periods
,ask a parent, health teacher, school nurse, or older sister.
 What Are Regular Periods?
You often hear this is a 28-day cycle. 24 days, some are 34 days.
.
 What Are Irregular Periods?
a girl might get her period after 24 days one month and after 42 days
the next. These are called irregular periods.
.
 .Illness, rapid weight change, or stress can also make things more
unpredictable. That's because the part of the brain that regulates
periods is influenced by events like these.
 Going on a trip or having a major change in schedule can also make
your period come at a different time than expected.
 All of this is perfectly normal.
 It's also normal for the number of days a girl has her period to vary.
Sometimes a girl may bleed for 2 days, sometimes it may last a week.
 What Causes Irregular Periods?

 Sometimes, irregular periods can be caused by some

medicines, ,exercising too much having a very low body
weight, or not eating enough calories.
 Hormone imbalances can also cause irregular periods. For
example, thyroid hormone levels that are too low or too
high can cause problems with periods. Some girls have
extra androgen, a hormone that can cause hair growth on
the face, chin, chest, and abdomen.
 Extra androgen can also makes girls gain weight and have
irregular periods.
 Girls who are pregnant also will not get their periods.
Why Do Some Girls Get PMS?
 Doctors have not pinpointed the exact cause of PMS, but many believe
it is linked to changing hormone levels
 what you eat can affect how you feel, especially during the couple of
weeks before your period.
 Luckily, you can do a few things to ease PMS symptoms.
 Eating a balanced diet with lots of fresh fruits and vegetables and
cutting back on processed foods like chips and crackers can help. You
might also want to reduce your salt intake (salt can make you retain
water and become more bloated) and, believe it or not, drink more
water.
 Say no to caffeine (it can make you jumpy and anxious) and yes to
plenty of sleep.
 Getting enough calcium and taking a daily multivitamin can be helpful.
Also, daily exercise and stress-relief techniques like meditation can
help some girls.
 Balanced diet
 Avoid chips and fried
 No coffee
 Good sleep
 Reduce salt intake
 Plenty of water
 Calcium
 Reduce stress and meditation
Why Haven't I Started My Period Yet?

 Everybody goes through puberty at different speeds.

 Some girls begin menstruating as early as age 8 or 9;

others don't get going until they're
15. It all depends on your hormones — and your
family.
-nutrition and Anaemia
-not get enough calories, vitamins, and minerals.
 Anatomical problems
 Over gymnastics and exercising
Certain nomenclature
 No Periods ---Amenorrhea is the term doctors use for absence of periods.

 PRIMARY AMENORRHEA, ---usually caused by a hormone imbalance or

developmental problem.
.
 SECONDARY AMENNORRHEA -----6 months

 Heavy Periods

 Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a term doctors use when talking about
extremely heavy, long-lasting periods..
 The most frequent cause of heavy bleeding is an imbalance between the
amounts of estrogen and progesterone in the body. Because of this imbalance,
the endometrium),
 Medical causes—thyroid,blood perssure, diabetes,blood disorders,medications
 Extremely Painful Periods
 Dysmenorrhea ( is the medical term for very painful periods.)
 Fortunately, these symptoms usually only last for a day or two.
 Doctors usually prescribe anti-inflammatory medicines to treat
primary dysmenorrhea.
 As with cramps, exercise, hot water bottles, and birth control
pills might also bring some relief. Some of the more common
conditions that can cause secondary dysmenorrhea include:
 endometriosis, a condition in which tissue normally found only
in the uterus starts to grow outside the uterus
 PIDa type of bacterial infection usually caused by a sexually
transmitted disease
 fibroids or growths on the outside, inside, or in the wall of the
uterus
What is personal hygiene?
 For most people, personal hygiene includes
 brushing, flossing, bathing, and deodorizing.
 As a woman, special care should be placed on feminine hygiene care.

 What the vagina needs is a set of pretty basic care.

A healthy mind and body does not stop at being sane and disease- free.

Being healthy also means feeling great and comfortable all day long..

 basic personal hygiene tips that every woman should learn and must
religiously follow:
 If you want to minimize your risk of infection and
also enhance your overall health, follow these
basic personal hygiene habits:
 Bathe regularly. Wash your body and your hair often. ...
 Trim your nails. ...
 Brush and floss. ...
 Wash your hands. ...
 Sleep tight.
 nutrition
What causes feminine odor?

Bacterial vaginosis — an overgrowth of normally

occurring vaginal bacteria — is the most
common vaginal infection that causes a vaginal
odor.
Trichomoniasis — a sexually transmitted infection —
also can lead to vaginal odor. ... Vaginitis (bacterial
vaginosis) Poor hygiene
 Once you eliminate the unusual vaginal odor,
keep these tips in mind for preventing another
problem later:
 Consider probiotics. ...
 Maintain a healthy diet. ...
 Stay hydrated. ...
 Avoid douches and scrubs. ...
 Wash your vagina before and after intercourse. ...
 Cut out tight clothes. ...
 Wear cotton panties.
Cleansing
 The vagina has a natural discharge and oils and are, in
fact, important in keeping the vagina protected against
infections.
 Having these natural discharges is actually a natural
process wherein the vagina self- cleanses its surfaces.
 Excessive washing and using feminine wash and soap
strips the protective barrier created by the discharges.
 To properly cleanse the external genitals, what you
need is warm water and a mild soap and remember to
rinse the soap suds thoroughly.
Menstrual care

 During menstruation
 However, douching pushes bacteria and other
menstrual debris back into the reproductive tract.
 This will ultimately lead to developing pelvic
inflammatory disease that is very painful.
 What a woman must during the red flag days is to
cleanse the genitalia with warm water and mild soap
just like on normal days.
 In choosing pads and tampons, it is best to choose
unscented products to avoid exposing the genitalia to a
lot of chemicals.
Odour Care

 Every woman has a unique natural scent.

 This odor is healthy and naturally occurring in every
woman’s body.
 The use of feminine sprays and deodorants are promoted to
cover up that smell but you must know that using it will
not make the smell go away. It is only masking the natural
smell but it is still there.
 this smell does not go beyond your clothing and is rarely
detectable to the people you are with.
 If you think you have an abnormally strong scent or that it
smells fishy down south, then it is most likely that you are
suffering from a genital infection like bacterial vaginosis.
Clothing Tips
 The vagina is naturally moist because of its normal
secretions. To make these secretions evaporate,
wearing clothes that allow good air flow is a must. It is
important that air can flow to dissipate the collection
of bacteria and fungi in the area which can cause
vaginal infections. Cotton underpants .
 Do not wear wet bathing suits for a long period
as well as leather pants, and other tight clothing.
 When you are sweating a lot, such as after a workout,
change clothes immediately including underpants.
 How to Maintain Feminine Hygiene
 Wear loose, breathable, bottom clothing. ...
 Remove wet, sweaty bottom clothing as soon as
possible. ...
 Wash your vaginal area daily with mild soap and water.
...
 Wipe your genital area thoroughly after urination. ...
 Change tampons, sanitary napkins, and pantyliners
frequently
Eating and Hygiene

 what you eat or drink also affects your feminine hygiene.

 Junk food and fried foods may make you feel happy but your internal
body suffers and is damaged.
Fresh and healthy foods, and a lot of water,

When to visit the gyno?

 visit to a gyno is due only when there is something wrong,
Gynecologists are the best people to learn about feminine health and
concerns.

 Take personal hygiene seriously to avoid unnecessary illnesses and to

help make you feel good inside and out.
NUTRITION WHY SHOULD YOU CARE
 PHYSICAL GROWTH
 BODY IMAGE
 HAPPINESS IS NOTHING  BRAIN
MORE THAN GOOD  DAILY ACTIVITIES
HEALTH  SPORTS PERFORMANCE
 PREVENTION OF
DISEASES
Nutritional needs during
adolescence are increased
Because of the increased
growth rate and changes in
the body composition
associated with puberty
 Good touch

 Bad touch
 Parts
 Strangers
 No.
 Help
 Report
What are the qualities of a good person?
 Based on numerous Internet discussions and lessons
learned from life, here are the top 10 best qualities for
any person.

 Be honest. Honesty is a way of life. ...

 Be happy. It's not about money, looks or status. ...
 Be respectful of others. ...
 Be easygoing and fun. ...
 Be confident. ...
 Be emotionally open. ...
 Be disciplined. ...
 Take pride in yourself.
 THANK YOU