HAZARDS IN COSMETIC INDUSTRY

• Prepared by
• Avni Bhansali
• Mahendra Kumawat
• Kapil rathore
 INTRODUCTION
Historically, cosmetics began to be used 6.000 years ago and
its use has spread throughout the world. Such products had
the purpose of adorning and perfuming the body, so as not to
alter the structure and function of the skin. In ancient Egypt,
records point to the use of cosmetics containing lead rich
black pigments (Kohl) applied to the eye region. Lead in turn,
when in contact with the skin, releases gaseous nitric oxide
capable of activating the immune system through vasodilation
and activation of macrophages with cytotoxic characteristics.
Cosmetics and skin care products are currently consumed
worldwide, with frequent use, increasing the exposure of the
human body to the various chemical compounds that make up
its formulas. Stipulating the incidence of cosmetic side effects
is quite difficult because users with weak side effects often do
not seek medical advice.
MARKET CAPITALIZATION

According to analysis and figures given by

the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII),
the total Indian beauty and cosmetic market
size currently stands at US$950 million and
showing growth between 15-20% per
annum. The overall beauty and wellness
market that includes beauty services stands
at about US$2,680 million, according to CII
estimates.
 SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY
• The size of Indian Cosmetics Industry globally is $ 274
billion, while that of the Indian cosmetic industry is $
4.6 billion. The current size of the Indian Cosmetic
Industry is approx US$ 600 million. Among these
fastest growing segment is color cosmetics,
accounting for around US$ 60 million of the market.
Industry sources estimate a rapid growth rate of 20%
per annum across different segments of the cosmetics
industry reflecting with an increasing demand for all
kinds of beauty and personal care product. Growth in
the Indian Cosmetic Industry has come mainly from
the low and medium-priced categories that account for
90 % of the cosmetics market in terms of volume.
 DOMESTIC AND EXPORT SHARE

• Costs for importing other products are

much higher than producing it in the
country. India usually allows the entry of
imported cosmetics without any
restrictions but the average import tariff on
cosmetics products is currently very high
at 39.2%.
 Chemical hazards in cosmetics
• ALS-Ammonium lauryl sulphate Ammonium lauryl
sulfate (ALS) act as an anionic surfactant by avoiding
surface tension in liquids. Due to this property it is used
in cosmetics like cleansing agents, hair shampoos and in
bathing agents. These ALS are irritants to eyes and has
very low acute toxicity.
• BHA:The National Toxicology Program classifies
butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as “reasonably
anticipated to be a human carcinogen.” It can cause skin
depigmentation. In animal studies, BHA produces liver
damage and causes stomach cancers such as
papillomas and carcinomas and interferes with normal
reproductive system development and thyroid hormone
levels.
• Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is many cosmetics and
personal care products of which it is a most common
ingredient in nail polish, nail polish remover etc. It is
found in very low amount in many consumer products
like cosmetics and personal care products like
shampoos and conditioners, shower gels and hair
straightening solutions, liquid hand soaps, cream
cleansers, skin moisturisers, toothpastes.

• Alcohols: Alcohols are common ingredients in

perfumes. The fatty alcohols(less dense alcohol after the
removal of fats and oils in alcohols) are ingredients in
detergent and act as cleansing agents. The glycols are
used as substances to avoid loss of moisture.
Isopropanol is the common alcohol ingredient in many
cosmetics and cleansing products. Usually used to
reduce the thickness of liquid.
• Lanolin: Lanolin is a thick substance derived from the
sebaceous gland of sheep. It is a thick moisturizing agent. It
is a common additive in cosmetic products for moisturizing
skin, hair and nails. This act as an emulsion by blending with
any other cosmetic product.

• Parabens are a class of widely used preservatives in

cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Chemically, they are
a series of parahydroxybenzoates or esters of
parahydroxybenzoic acid. Parabens are effective
preservatives in many types of formulas.

• Mineral oil/waxes: Mineral waxes are common ingredient in

cosmetics. They are main ingredients in products such as
paraffin oil, paraffin wax, petrolatum (known as Vaseline).
• Concealers: Concealers are basically products that are
used to hide your dark circles and spots on your face so
that it matches your skin tone. Now, these concealers are
made up of chemicals and most of them aren’t considered
to be safe. The most used chemicals of concealers are
titanium dioxide and talc. Titanium di-oxide is a chemical
that, although used in food and other industries, its
particles are considered toxic in nature and can, instead of
lightening your skin, starts darkening it. It is usually is a
white powdery product that is used for its brightening
nature, sometimes backfires.

• Triclosan was originally developed as an anti-bacterial

agent for use in hospitals, primarily as a surgical
scrub. Studies have suggested triclosan can disrupt
hormones, impair muscle contraction and reduce bacterial
resistance.
• Aluminium; Concerns regarding cancer are also linked to
the use of aluminium in deodorants and anti-perspirants. In
the early 2000s various news outlets reported apparent
links between the use of antiperspirants containing
aluminium and breast cancer. Similar reports connected the
use of such products to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.

• Lead is one of the most harmful metals that can be

consumed by humans in any way. It darkens the tone of
lips to other levels. It doesn’t let your lips breathe and stops
the functioning of other pigments used in the lipsticks. It is
not only lipsticks. Recent studies have found out that even
lip glosses and other forms of lip balms have high
proportions of majorly hazardous metals in them such as
chromium, aluminium, etc.
 Major cosmetics products

LIPSTICK
The primary ingredients found in lipstick are wax,
oil, alcohol, and dye. Though, lead is not an
ingredient of the lipsticks, it might be present as
impurities in the colour additives.
Lead is sometimes found in harmful amounts in red
lipsticks. Health problems associated with lead
ingestion are brain damage and behavior
abnormalities Many of lead's side effects are
irreversible. Mineral Oil found in lipsticks acts like a
second nonporous skin, blocking the real skin's
pores, and can interfere with skin cell development
and proper functioning.
MOISTURISERS
It is a fact that, sun damage and pollution ruin your skin so it is good to
wear a ‘good’ moisturiser to block the UV sunrays and harmful
pollutants away from your face.
Nonetheless, moisturisers and creams that contain mineral oil and
paraffin have been shown clinically to damage the skin barrier and
increase moisture loss from the skin.
Virtually all the popular cosmetic moisturizers and emollients sold by
skin care companies contain high concentrations of detergents and
detergent-like chemicals that damage the skin and degrade the skin's
natural protective function. The frequent use of moisturisers by most of
us (in order to obtain a smooth radiant and young-looking skin), results
in the body absorbing and assimilating the harmful synthetic chemical
ingredients of these products that can damage the skin, exacerbating
skin problems instead of enhancing the skin’s beauty and health.
The solution is to purchase products that contain vegetable oils.
Particularly oils high in gamma linoleic acid that effectively suppresses
inflammation.A good moisturiser should be made of water, hydrosols,
plant oils, and emulsifiers. Using natural products, you can maintain the
beauty of your face for longer
KAJAL

Most commercially produced „kajal‟ contain high

levels of lead. Kajal and Surma are traditional Indian
cosmetic preparations used to makeup beautiful
eyes. However, kajal can have numerous adverse
effects on the eyes; for example, development of
chemical, toxic and infective conjunctivitis, uveitis,
glaucoma, dry eye and conjunctival discoloration.
Hence, it is best to avoid use of kajal and surma or
any makeup that goes inside the eye. No eye
makeup should be used during any eye infection,
injury, surgery, etc. Furthermore, the tissue around
the eyes dries out as you get older
 NAIL POLISH

Small amounts of metals are present in most of the polishes

and may cause exposure if nails are bitten or
• chewed and the polish ingested. The formulation starts with
• a synthetic polymer solubilised in a chemical solvent. Various
• additives can be used to alter the flexibility / hardness of the
film
• and other characteristics of the polish. Dyes and pigments
are
• solubilised or suspended into the solution to provide a wide
variety
• of color options and effects.
TALCUM POWDER

The chemical ingredients in talcum powder, like

silicates talc is not only a potent carcinogen, it also
causes allergies and infection in lungs. Talc
absorbs moisture and so we use talcum powder to
avoid perspiration. But this causes much damage
to our skin. Talc particles are asbestos like,
capable of moving through the reproductive
system. They get embedded on the lining of the
ovary, if applied in large excess. This finally results
to ovarian cancer.
BLEACH CREAM

Skin bleaching is popular with darker-skinned people

to obtain a fairer and even skin tone. Hydroquinone
cream, the most common type of skin bleach can
result in undesirable effects and significant skin
damage. Hydroquinone is a fairly caustic substance
with known adverse effects on the skin including
redness, peeling, a rash, dryness and burning where
you've applied the cream. Strong chemical bleach
breaks down the oils that are supposed to keep your
skin soft and supple and prevent formation of
wrinkles.
HAIR COLOUR

Allergic reactions to dyes can cause hair loss,

burning, redness, itchy scalp, facial swelling
and breathing difficulty. There are many
chemicals in hair dyes that are known to be
dangerous to human health. One of the worst
chemicals found in hair dyes is P-
Phenylenediamine, which is known to pose the
following dangers: cancer, reproductive toxicity,
neurotoxicity, allergies, immune- toxicity,
irritation of skin, eyes, and/or lungs
DEODORANTS & ANTIPERSPIRANTS

Scientific studies have shown that ingredients

in deodorants and antiperspirants are
harmful for your skin and body. It is a fact
that deodorants cause irritation (because of
alcohol) and redness which leads to itching
and eventually pigmentation of the skin.
CURRENT MARKET TRENDS

Anti-aging skin care segment is growing due to

large population of baby boomers.

growing Metra-sexual demand.

shift in customer preferences towards natural

cosmetics.

Increased awareness of consumers towards the

ingredients

Value for money

 ACTS AND RULES IN COSMETIC

• This act was originally known as the Drug Act and was passed in 1940. The
original act was prepared in accordance to the recommendations of the
Chopra Committee formed in 1930. The related Drugs Rules was passed in
1945. Since 1940, the act has undergone several amendments and is now
known as the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.[2]
• The term "drug" as defined in the act includes a wide variety of substance,
diagnostic and medical devices. The act defines "cosmetic" as any product
that is meant to be applied to the human body for the purpose of beautifying
or cleansing. The definition however excludes soaps. In 1964, the act was
amended to include Ayurveda and Unani drugs.[2]
• The Section 16 of the act defines the standards of quality for drugs. The
Section 17 defines "misbranding". A drug is considered misbranded if it
claims to be of more therapeutic value than it actually is. The manufacturer of
such a drug may be asked to suspend manufacture of the drug under Section
18. Section 27 deals with fake and adulterated drugs. The act requires that
ingredients of the drugs should be printed on the label.[2]
• The Section 22 defines the powers of the drug inspectors and Section 23
defines the strict procedure which should be followed by the inspectors
during any raids.[4]
• The Indian consumer has the „right to be protected against marketing of
goods and services which are
• hazardous to life and property‟ (Consumer Protection Act 1986).
 Conclusion
• The cosmetic products may present health risks and recurrent
adverse effects are attributed to the toxic substances
commonly found in their formulations. Although the various
structures for the regulation and quality control of cosmetics
around the world are quite complex and comprehensive, they
should be more rigorous in the inclusion of new substances
with toxic potential in the formulation of cosmetics to avoid
damages to human health. To encourage improvements in the
manufacture, marketing and use of cosmetic products by the
population, it is necessary to apply a unified cosmetovigilance
around the world. This public health strategy are a genuine
means of obtaining information on the safety of cosmetic
products and their ingredients, preventing the risks associated
with using cosmetics become a serious public health problem.
THANK YOU