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States of matter - Gases
(Part 1). Gas laws
To study Boyle¶s, Charles¶s and
Video 1 Avogadro¶s Laws.
Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers.
Gases are the most compressible state of matter.
Gases will mix evenly and completely when confined to
the same container.
Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids.
Force
Pressure = Area
vnits of Pressure
Barometer
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Boyle¶s law - for a fixed amount of gas at a
constant temperature, the gas pressure is
inversely proportional to its volume.
1
=. Ô/ V n and T are fixed
P
PV = constant V = constant/P
=.Ô/
Video 2
Boyle¶s Law
1/þ
x þ = constant Constant temperature
Constant amount of gas
1 x þ1 = 2 x þ2
| */0
'
1 x þ1 = 2 x þ2
1 = 726 mmHg 2 = ?
þ1 = 946 mL þ2 = 154 mL
2324$2 Boyle¶s apprentice finds that the air trapped in a J tube occupies
24.8cm3 at 1.12atm. By adding mercury to the tube, he increases
the pressure on the trapped air to 2.64atm. Assuming constant
Video 3 temperature, what is the new volume of air (inL)?
0.0105L
Jacques Alexandre César Charles (1746 ± 1823) ,
born in Beaugency Loiret, was a French chemist,
physicist and aeronaut. In 1783 he made the first
balloon, using hydrogen gas, and ascended to a
height of nearly 2 miles. In 1787 he discovered the
relationship between the volume of a gas and its
temperature.
1/
Charles's law - for a fixed amount of gas at a
constant pressure, the volume of the gas is
proportional to its absolute temperature.
V = constant x T
.Ô/
Video 4
Variation of gas volume with temperature
at constant pressure.
Charles¶ &
Gay-Lussac¶s
Law
46=Ô27 A 1-L steel tank is fitted with a safety valve that opens if the
internal pressure exceeds 1.00x103 torr. It is filled with helium at
230C and 0.991atm and placed in boiling water at exactly 1000C.
Will the safety valve open?
Ô8 6Ô|$68
P1(atm) T1 and T2(0C) P1 = 0.991atm P2 = unknown
1atm=760torr K=0C+273.15 T1 = 230C T2 = 100 oC
Video 6
Ammonia burns in oxygen to form nitric oxide (NO)
and water vapor. How many volumes of NO are
obtained from one volume of ammonia at the same
temperature and pressure?
At constant | and
Ô8 We are given initial n1 and V1 as well as the final V2. We have to find
n2 and convert it from moles to grams.
46=Ô27 Boyle¶s apprentice finds that the air trapped in a J tube occupies
24.8cm3 at 1.12atm. By adding mercury to the tube, he increases
the pressure on the trapped air to 2.64atm. Assuming constant
temperature, what is the new volume of air (inL)?