Introduction to

Organizational Systems
 Information Systems Serve 3 Roles
• IS can support 3 different levels in business
Types of Information Systems
 Transaction Processing System (TPS)
• Supports Operations
• Updates Operational Databases
• Examples:
– ATM Machine System – Banking Transactions
– Cash Register System – Point of Sale Transactions
– Accounting System – Checking Account Transactions
– Even Pay-per-view or OnDemand is a TPS
• Transaction processing cycle
– Data entry
– Transaction processing (Batch / Online)
– Database maintenance
– Report generation
– Enquiry processing
 Process Control Systems (PCS)

• Supports Operations

• Monitor and Control Industrial/Manufacturing Process

• Examples:
– Petroleum Refining
– Power Generation
– Automobile Manufacturing
 Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)
• Supports Operations
• Enhance Communication, Coordination and
collaboration
• Examples:
– Electronic Communication tools: E-mail, Chat
– Electronic Conferencing tools:- Video Conferencing
– Collaborative Work Management tools:- Calendaring,
Journaling, Workflow, File Sharing
 Management Information System (MIS)
• Analysis & Reporting
• Charts, Graphs, Summary Tools
• OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
– Consolidation
– Drill-Down
– Slicing & Dicing
• Examples
– Spreadsheet (Excel) – One of the first and most basic
– Monthly Reports
 Decision Support System (DSS)

• Support Management
• Interactive Analytical Modelling
• What-if Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Goal Seeking
Analysis, Optimization Analysis
• Examples
– Enterprise Decision Manager 2.0 Fair Isaac Corporation
• Most DSS’s are custom developed for specific
companies; very few out-of-the-box products.
 Executive Information Systems (EIS)
• Supports high-level strategic management
• Provides critical info from other systems (MIS and DSS).
• Portal Concept: one place with links to all information
• EIS’s integrate external information such as economic
developments and news about related markets and
competitors. Helps strategic decision making, not necessarily
tactical.
– Tactical – doing things the right way right
– Strategic – doing the right things
 Other categories of Information systems
• Knowledge management systems – Knowledge based systems that
support the creation, organization and dissemination of business
knowledge within the organization. E.g. Sales proposal

• Expert systems – Knowledge based systems that provide expert advice and
act as expert consultants to users. E.g. Diagnostic maintenance

• Strategic information systems – Support operations or management

processes that provide a firm with strategic products, services and
capabilities for competitive advantage. E.g. e-commerce web system

• Functional business systems – Support a variety of operational and

managerial applications of the basic business functions of a company. E.g.
Human resource management