PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

HISTORY 4
GEOGRAPHICAL

 Philippines appears like a broken rosary of islands floating along the

southeastern rim of Asia, North of Borneo and South of Japan.
 Philippines has 7,100 islands, and the total land area is 115,707
square miles !299,681 sq. km).
 the trade center of the Orient, citadel of Christianity and
democracy in East Asia, and the melting pot of the world races and
cultures
MAIN REGIONAL GROUP OF PHIL’S

 Luzon- the biggest island in the North.

 VISAYAS- group of islands on the midrib of the archipelago.

 MINDANAO- the second larger island which is the home to the

Filipino Muslims.
GEOLOGICAL

NATURAL RESOURCES TREES USE IN BUILDING CONST’N

 Bamboo  Molave- sturdiest
 Coconut trees  Yacal and Guijo- could
 Palm, withstand the weather and
dampness used for posts and
 Cogon grass structural parts
 Rattan  Tanguile and Apitong- for
 Nipa framings
CLIMATIC

TWO PRONOUNCE SEASON

 DRY- November to April
 WET- the rest of the year

Over 50% of the rainfall in the Philippines is associated with typhoo~ and
tropical storms. Typ.hoons are strongest in the oceans and they weaken as
they hit lanq.
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

 The Filipino people are not pure Malay. They are a mixture of races.
This came about when foreigners came to these shores either to
trade or to conquer the natives. Thus, some natives intermarried with
the Chinese, a few with the Japanese. Some with the Indians from
India, many with the Spaniards and later, with the Americans. The
mixture of native or Malay and foreigner whether Chinese, Spanish
or American, is called MEZTIZO.
RELIGIOUS

 Most Filipinos (93% in 1960) are Christians. More -than 80% are
Roman Catholics; 5% are Aglipayans, adherents of the Independent
Church formed by some Filipino in the early years of this country as
an expression of religion and political nationalism. About 3% belong
to various Protestant churches. Muslims, who live· principally in
Mindanao and the Sulu. Archipelago, constitute about 5% of the
population about 1 o/o belong to the Iglesia ni Kristo, a Filipino
church founded in 191 1.
PRE- SPANISH ERA

 Architecture in the Pre-Spanish era was expressed in the bahay-kubo style

of dwellings, which was cool and cozy and well adapted to tropical
climate
 houses were constructed of wood, bamboo and palm leaves (nipa
shingles).
HOUSES
IFUGAO HOUSE
 the lfugao built a one-room house on stilts with pyramidal roof.
 The structural parts of the house were built without nails and were joined.
together by Iappi
 Square in plan approximately 12-14 feet wide and 12-14 feet long.
PARTS OF IFUGAO HOUSE
 4 posts – tukud
 4 Rat guard - halipan
 2 girders – kuling
 Central floor joist - gawaan
 2 side floor joists - mundilig
 Floor boards – dotal/r
 Wallboards – gaob
 Studs – bagad
 Rafter - bughol
 Purlins – wanan/ibat
 Small square – ambubuan
 Central roof beam – pumpitolan
 Attic storage - palan
4 TYPES OF IFUGAO HOUSES
 ABONG- constructed directly in the ground
 INAPPAL- raised from the ground
- permanently dwelling place
 BALE-a d'urable and elevated house
- one room house with an attic for storage
- supported with four wooden post
 ALANG- “ granary house” built near the rice field
-the family with the upper class are the only one
with this type of structure
4 TYPES OF IFUGAO HOUSES
ABONG
4 TYPES OF IFUGAO HOUSES
INAPPAL
4 TYPES OF IFUGAO HOUSES
BALE
4 TYPES OF IFUGAO HOUSES
ALANG
ISNEG HOUSE
 sophisticated of the Northern strain with its rafters bowed like gothic arch.
 Plan is elongated with 2 long girders (anadixiyan) exceeding 24' doubling the
timbers of the south
ISNEG HOUSE
 AMUWAGAN TREES  Stringers – tapi
 posts – sinit  Purlins – irat
 Girders - anadixiyan  Base reeds – rarat
 floor joists - totog  Roofing – atap
 Floor boards – datag,xassar  Ridgepole - talabawan
 lath – talaxatag
 stringers – tapi
 Cross beams – agnadan/sakkar
 Roof support – adixi
 Longitudinal beam - ampakan
 Rafters – tadawag/ baday
 King post – patuna
NIPA HUTS
 Three different versions
 llocos, Central Luzon and Southern Luzon

 Malay Nipa House with the pitched roof with wide overhang wide
windows, light walls above stilts and front and back porches.
 This is locally called the " BAHAY KUBO" {cube house)
 Structures at this stage were built without nails, lashing of rattan or
strip of bamboo were used.
NIPA HUTS
VIGAN HOUSE

 The features of the Ilocos house are derived from the sturdier look and
stronger construction of the whole house.
 The Ilocano believes in Frugality, solidity durability and no non-sense
practicality. The main Floor‘ of the house with walls of limestone, coral,
even hollow-blocks and cement thus creating an extra floor of living
space. The Ilocano house is highly functional and relatively free from
useless decorative items.
 Vigan House generally refers to Antillan design of brick, lime, and
mortar with tile roofing and Phi!!ipine hardwoods. Built in the early
decades of the 19th century, these relics of Filipino and Spanish
craftsmanship are being restored by the government.
 Presently there is no other place in the Philippines richer in Hispanic
tradition than Vigan. capital of llocos Sur province. un pedazo de
Espana en el Oriente.
VIGAN HOUSE
IDJANG
 Build on hills and elevated areas
 People of the northern islands of Batanes often built fortifications to
protect themselves during times of war.
 The only entrance to the castles would be via a rope ladder that
would only be lowered for the villagers and could be kept away
when invaders arrived.
BATANES (IVATAN HOUSE)
 made mostly of light and perishable materials.
 The huts were low, partly because high structures would have been
easily destroyed by typhoons.
 To close the sides of the hut, cogan and sticks were used.
 made of thick (about 2 1/2 ft.)
TYPES OF IVATAN HOUSES

 MAY-TUAB- a one-storey with thick walls made frome stones and lime.
- has a 4 sided thick cogon grass roof “ cuatro aguas”
and a partially submerged basement that function as a
storage.

 SINADUMPARAN- similar to mat-tuab. The difference is, it has two sided roof

 JINJIN- has walls made of woven cogon with bamboo or wood framework
instead of stone walls.
TYPES OF IVATAN HOUSES

MAY-TUAB
THEE TYPES OF IVATAN HOUSES

SINANDUMPARAN
TYPES OF IVATAN HOUSES

JINJIN
IVATAN HOUSE

 RAKUH- living room

 shares a space with the sleeping quarters and holds all household
furnishing and equipment that should not be exposed to smoke.
 two doors and two windows, all found on three walls, while the fourth
wall is frequently windowless and facing the direction from which storm
winds blow strongest.
 KUSINA- kitchen
 no chimney in spite of the thick smoke that cooking generates,
becai.Jse during windy days, a chimney can suck in wind that would
scatter sparks from the stove and thus start a fire because of the dry
cogan and sticks that make up the roof ..
MINDANAO HOUSE
 the Maranao arrange their houses in a line pattern along houses in a
line pattern along a river, road or lake shore .
 simply one big one big partitionless room.
 Raised on pilings from .31 to 2.21 meters above the ground
 Roof, walls, flooring, doors, Roof, walls, flooring, doors, and windows
are made of and windows are made of bamboo material lashed
bamboo material lashed together with rattan.
 Usually has 9 to 12 posts, depending on the size of the depending
on the size of the house
MINDANAO HOUSE

THICK COGON GRASS

- used to a split bamboo frame with rattan .

WOOD SHINGLES-
-for the roofing.

THE KITCHEN
-built half meter lower. and it is at the back of the house
TYPES OF MARANAO HOUSES
 LAWIG- Small houses for the ordinary people

 MALA-A-WALAI- Large houses for the well – to - do people

 TOROGAN- The roof of Torogan was originally made of cogon grass but during
the American regime the son of Datu Pimbarat changed it to
G.I. sheets.
-Ancestral house of the upper-class MARANAO
-reminder of the bygone days when carving is an art exclusive to
sultans and young daughters were jewels to be hidden in towers
and secret rooms.
MARANAO HOUSE
LAWIG
MARANAO HOUSE
MALA-A-WALAI
MARANAO HOUSE
TOROGAN
MARANAO
SARIMANOK
• is the The sarimanok is the stylized design of a bird holding a fish in its beak holding a fish in
its beak or standing on a base in the shape of fish. While its meaning derives from epics
and myths, it also alludes to Lake Lanao with its fertile waters.
MARANAO
PANOLONG
• extended floor beam of the torogan or the large Sultan house, it its interioe beams and
posts.

PAKO RABONG
• stylized growing fern with broad base gracefully tapering upward.
MARANAO
OKIR/ OKKIL
• Also seen in torogan house
• Refers to the ranfe of folk motifs, usually of plants and geometric forms
TIBOLI HOUSE

• Stilts 2m above the ground, approx 8x14, elevated side

areas of honor, sleeping and vestibule, appropriate for
weaving area of the sacred tinalak fabric, ladders like the
Ifugao hut are drawn up at night.
TIBOLI HOUSE