5687766

OBJECTIVES
After studying Chapter 8, the reader should be able to:

1. Explain how electronic controls are used for
transmission operation.
2. Identify the major automatic transmission
electronic control components.
3. Describe the relationship between volts, amperes,
and ohms.
4. Explain the circuit required for an electrical system
to operate.
5. Describe the operation of an electronic
transmission.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
INTRODUCTION
FIGURE 8-1 An electronic transmission has electronic sensors and actuators and is
integrated electronically with other phases of vehicle operation.
INTRODUCTION
• Current electronic automatic transmissions are able

to provide diagnostic information as well as
accurately control:
– Shift timing and quality
– Mainline pressure
– Application and release of apply devices
– Apply-device pressures
– Clutch-apply fluid volume
– Application and release of the torque converter clutch
– Ignition timing during shifts
INTRODUCTION
FIGURE 8-2 When the transmission control module (TCM) is ready to

begin an upshift, it signals the power train control module (PCM) to
reduce engine torque. This produces a smoother shift with less wear in
the transmission.
INTRODUCTION
FIGURE 8-3 The fuzzy logic part of the TMC receives input signals, compares what
the driver is doing with the throttle and what the vehicle is doing with normal
operation, and adapts shift timing.
INTRODUCTION
FIGURE 8-4 This electronic transmission

valve body includes four solenoids.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
• The three measurable aspects of electricity that

concern an automotive technician are:
– Current flow (amperage),
– Electrical pressure (voltage)
– Resistance to current flow (ohms).
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-5 If we compare electricity with hydraulics, voltage and pressure (a), current flow
and fluid flow (b), and a resistor and orifice (c) are very similar.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-5 (CONTINUED) If we compare electricity with hydraulics, voltage and

pressure (a), current flow and fluid flow (b), and a resistor and orifice (c) are very
similar.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-6 Insulated wires conduct electricity to the lights. The body metal forms the ground
circuit to complete the circuit back to the battery. This is shown in a diagram (a) and a
schematic (b).
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-7 A series circuit (a) and a parallel circuit (b).
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-8 Wiring schematics use symbols to

show the various components. (Courtesy of
Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRICITY
• System Components
– Power Source
– Circuit Protection
– Switches
– Wiring
– Electrical Loads
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-9 This wiring diagram of a transmission with electronic

controls for fourth gear (O/D) shows the power source (battery),
three fuses for protection, a control switch and two ECUs (electronic
control units), two output devices (the O/D solenoid and indicator
light), and the wires that connect them.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-10 Circuit protection can be fuses with tubular or

flat-blade connections (a), a circuit breaker (b and c),or a
fusible link (d). (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-11 This stop light switch is a normally open

switch. When the brake pedal is depressed, battery
voltage is sent to the ECT ECU. (Courtesy of Toyota
Motor Sales USA, Inc.)
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-12 A de-energized relay. Relays use a magnetic coil to either close or
open switch contacts. Note that terminals 85 and 86 are for control, terminals 30 to
87 are normally open, and terminals 30 to 87A are normally closed. (Courtesy of
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-13 Electrical wire is sized by gauge sizes or cross section in millimeters; three American
wire gauge (AWG) sizes are shown for comparison (a). Wire colors with tracers are used to identify
particular wires (b). (b is courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-14 Transmission solenoids can take different shapes, but they all include an electromagnet and
a valve. The style shown in (b) is the most common. (a is courtesy of Chrysler Corporation; b is courtesy of
Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)
BASIC ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 8-15 A clamping diode is wired parallel to the coil winding (a).
It blocks current flow when the switch is closed, but it allows induced
current to dissipate when the switch opens (b).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
• Solid-state electronics is the basis of automotive

computers and control modules.
– These devices are constructed from diodes, transistors,
capacitors, resistors, integrated circuits, and microchips.
• Solid-state devices, for all practical purposes, do not
wear out because there are no moving parts.
• A major difference between electrical and electronic
circuits is the quantity of electrical flow.
– The current flow in electronic circuits is very small, thus
the voltage requirement is low and circuit resistance must
be kept to a minimum.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-16 This PCM receives sensor input (at left) and controls
actuators (outputs) inside the transmissions
BASIC ELECTRONICS
• Sensors
– The various sensor types (organized by the type of
electrical signal) are as follows:
• Frequency generators (creates an ac signal with a frequency relative to
speed)
• Voltage generator (creates a voltage signal that is relative to speed)
• Potentiometer or variable resistor (alters the voltage or resistance)
• Switches (an on–off signal)
• Serial data (an on–off signal coming from another control module)
• Thermistor (changes resistance relative to temperature)
• Transducer (changes resistance relative to pressure)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-17 This transmission uses an input (left) and output (right) speed
sensor. The sensors generate a signal frequency that is relative to the speeds of
the reluctor rings. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-18 The speed sensor switch will close as the magnet moves past it (a).It will generate a square
wave/on–off signal (b).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-19 The reluctor tooth will pull the magnetic field across the coil windings as it moves
past (a). It will generate a sine wave/AC signal (b).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-20 An input speed sensor along with an output speed sensor
allows the TCM to calculate the gear ratio and determine how long it takes
to complete a shift or if there is internal slippage in the gear train. (Courtesy
of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-21 ATPS (throttle position sensor) is mounted at the throttle body.
It provides an electronic signal of the throttle operation to the ECM.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-22 The ECT (engine coolant

temperature) sensor is mounted close to the
engine’s thermostat (a). It is a thermistor (b) that
provides a coolant temperature signal to the ECM
(c and d).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-23 A transmission fluid temperature sensor can be checked by connecting an ohmmeter to the
harness connector terminals (a). The resistance should change as the temperature changes (b).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-24 This hydraulic circuit shows three fluid pressure switches that signal
the TCM when there is pressure in their circuits. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-25 Some systems include an AD (analog–digital) buffer to convert the ac

analog speed sensor signal so it can be read by the ECM.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-26 This MLP (manual lever position) sensor/neutral start switch is
mounted at the transmission. It provides a shift lever position signal to the ECM.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-27 The stop light switch is

mounted at the brake pedal. It provides a
brake-apply signal to the TCM. (Courtesy of
Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
• Electronic Transmission Shift Controls

– Serial Data
– OBD-II
– Controller Area Network
• Transmission-Based Control Module
• Actuators
– Shift Solenoids
– Shift Solenoid Operation
– Pressure Control Solenoids
• CVT Electronic Controls
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-28 Power supply for the electrical circuits of a modern vehicle begins at
the power distribution center. It usually includes major relays and the fuses.
(Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-29 Solenoid control occurs when the

ECM completes the circuit to ground (top) or
switches on B+ (bottom). The ground
connection is also B-.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-30 This electrical schematic shows

the various inputs and outputs of the
transmission control module for a 42LE
transaxle. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-31 The scan tool is being plugged into

the diagnostic connector (arrow) under the
instrument panel. It can read any DTCs, sensor
outputs, and operate the solenoids inside the
transmission.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-32 A weathertight connector is used at this pressure switch (a). Opening the
latch allows the connector to be removed (b).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-33 One of the solenoids is wired directly to this internal

electrical harness. Note the case connecter near the bottom.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-34 The CCD (Chrysler Collision

Detection) bus allows the BCM (body
control module) and PCM (power-train
control module) to share information such
as the signal from the transaxle output
speed sensor. Among other things, this
signal is used for the speedometer.
(Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-35 This control solenoid assembly (a) contains four transmission fluid pressure (TFP)
switches, a line pressure control (PC) solenoid, four pressure control (PC) solenoids, two shift
solenoids (SS), a torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid, a transmission fluid temperature (TFT)
sensor, and the transmission control module (TCM). It also has a vehicle harness connector and
connectors to the shift position switch and the input and output speed sensors. A simplified view is also
shown (b).
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-36 This solenoid is on. Magnetic force has pulled the plunger to the right.
Fluid pressure has moved the metering ball off its seat, and fluid is passing through the
valve. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-37 The tapered stems are connected to the shift solenoids.
When the solenoids are on, they move downward to move the check balls
off their seats and also close the vent. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-38 The No. 1 solenoid is on. Fluid pressure is exhausted at the
drain, and the 2–3 shift valve is upshifted. The No.2 solenoid is off, so fluid
pressure has the 1–2 shift valve in downshift position. (Courtesy of Toyota
Motor Sales USA, Inc.)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-39 The hydraulic diagram of a Toyota A240E transaxle

in second gear. Both the No.1 and No.2 solenoids are turned on.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-40 The valve body for a 41TE transaxle.

Note that there are no shift valves. (Courtesy of
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-41 The hydraulic diagram of a 41TE transaxle in first gear. The shift to
second occurs when the 2–4/LR solenoid is turned on to allow pressure to flow to
the 2–4 clutch. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-42 The solenoids and pressure switches of this Chrysler

transaxle are mounted under the solenoid sound shield on the outside
of the transaxle. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-43 Line pressure increases as the duty cycle of the EPC
solenoid increases.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-44 This block diagram shows the relationship between the
TCM, electrical actuators, valve body, and hydraulic actuators for a
CVT transmission.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
FIGURE 8-45 The stepper motor and pulley ratio link with the CVT in
low ratio (A). The stepper motor has extended (B), moving the ratio link
and ratio control valve; this should cause the primary pulley to become
narrower to produce a higher ratio.
SUMMARY
1. Electronic controls are used for more accurate

automatic operation of the transmission.
2. A basic understanding of electricity and electronic
devices is essential to understanding and repairing
electronically controlled transmissions.
3. Electronic controls use sensors to monitor various
operational inputs that will be used to control the
operation of the transmission.
SUMMARY
4. The hydraulic operation of the transmission is

controlled by solenoids that are switched to
redirect pressurized fluid to move shift valves or
change the operational pressures.
5. The TCM receives the signals from the sensors
and operates the solenoids to produce upshifts
and downshifts at the proper speed.
6. CVT transmissions use the same type of logic for
transmission control as conventional electronic
transmissions.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Electronic control of the automatic transmission provides

for accurate control of shift _____ and _____.
2. Electronic transmissions replace the governor with a _____
_____ _____ and the throttle valve with a _____ _____
_____.
4. A complete electrical circuit has a _____ source, circuit
_____, _____, conductors, and an electrical _____.
5. Three types of electrical protection devices are _____,
_____, and _____.
6. When the circuit is _____, current will stop flowing.
7. A _____ controls a switch by electromagnetism.
8. A _____ controls fluid flow by electromagnetism.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. The three major parts that an electronic control

system can be divided into are _____, _____, and
_____.
5. Identify the six inputs that an electronically
controlled transmission might use for each of
these.
a. Vehicle _____
b. Input shaft _____
c. Engine coolant _____
d. Engine _____
e. Driver _____
f. Transmission _____ temperature
REVIEW QUESTIONS
11. A thermistor is a _____ resistor that changes resistance relative to
_____.
12. Identify each of the following abbreviations.
a. BOO
b. PRNDL
c. ECT
d. MAP
e. MAF
f. MLP
g. PNP
h. TOT
i. TSS
j. TPS
k. VSS
l. TCC
m. ECM
n. PCM
13. Good ground connections are essential for proper operation of _____
circuits.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
14. A diagnostic _____ code (DTC) will set if an electrical
problem is identified by the electronic control unit (ECU).
DTCs can be read with a _____ tool.
15. Six actuators that are computer controlled are _____,
_____, _____, _____, serial data, and _____.
16. Shift solenoids are controlled by the ECU to control the
fluid pressure in the _____ valve circuits.
17. If both shift solenoids on a typical Toyota transmission are
inoperative, what gear will the transmission be in?
18. If the shift solenoids fail in a Chrysler 41TE transmission,
what gear will the transmission be in?
19. EPC solenoids use _____ _____ to cycle a circuit on and
off.
20. Ramping a torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid
produces a _____ lockup clutch apply.
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. Student A says that it is important to have an

understanding of electricity to understand an
automatic transmission. Student B says that in
most electronically controlled transmissions, the
shift valves are controlled by solenoids. Who is
correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. Student A says that it is important to have an

understanding of electricity to understand an
automatic transmission. Student B says that in
most electronically controlled transmissions, the
shift valves are controlled by solenoids. Who is
correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. Electrical pressure is measured in

a) amperes.
b) ohms.
c) volts.
d) watts.
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. Electrical pressure is measured in

a) amperes.
b) ohms.
c) volts.
d) watts.
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. The current flowing through a circuit is measured

in
a) amperes.
b) ohms.
c) volts.
d) watts.
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. The current flowing through a circuit is measured

in
a) amperes.
b) ohms.
c) volts.
d) watts.
CHAPTER QUIZ
4. The resistance to electrical flow through a

component is measured in
a) amperes.
b) ohms.
c) volts.
d) watts.
CHAPTER QUIZ
4. The resistance to electrical flow through a

component is measured in
a) amperes.
b) ohms.
c) volts.
d) watts.
CHAPTER QUIZ
5. The controlling unit for an electronically shifted

transmission is the
a) vehicle speed sensor.
b) TCM.
c) throttle position sensor.
d) None of these
CHAPTER QUIZ
5. The controlling unit for an electronically shifted

transmission is the
a) vehicle speed sensor.
b) TCM.
c) throttle position sensor.
d) None of these
CHAPTER QUIZ
6. A _____ is an electromagnetic device that can be

used to control fluid pressure in a hydraulic circuit.
a) neutral start switch
b) TCM
c) Solenoid
d) vehicle speed sensor
CHAPTER QUIZ
6. A _____ is an electromagnetic device that can be

used to control fluid pressure in a hydraulic circuit.
a) neutral start switch
b) TCM
c) Solenoid
d) vehicle speed sensor
CHAPTER QUIZ
7. A normally vented solenoid _____ allow fluid to

flow to the sump when it is not energized.
a) Will
b) will, but at a reduced flow,
c) will not
d) Any of these
CHAPTER QUIZ
7. A normally vented solenoid _____ allow fluid to

flow to the sump when it is not energized.
a) Will
b) will, but at a reduced flow,
c) will not
d) Any of these
CHAPTER QUIZ
8. Student A says that a transmission with electronic

shift controls uses a throttle position sensor in
place of a throttle valve. Student B says that a
vehicle speed sensor is used in place of a
governor. Who is correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
8. Student A says that a transmission with electronic

shift controls uses a throttle position sensor in
place of a throttle valve. Student B says that a
vehicle speed sensor is used in place of a
governor. Who is correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
9. If the solenoids fail in a transmission with

electronic shift controls, the transmission will
a) be ruined if the car is driven.
b) not have any forward gears.
c) operate in reverse only.
d) operate in only one gear.
CHAPTER QUIZ
9. If the solenoids fail in a transmission with

electronic shift controls, the transmission will
a) be ruined if the car is driven.
b) not have any forward gears.
c) operate in reverse only.
d) operate in only one gear.
CHAPTER QUIZ
10. Student A says that the neutral start switch in a

transmission with electronic shift controls is the
same as the ones in all other transmissions.
Student B says that the neutral start switch in a
transmission with electronic shift controls is
operated by the manual shift linkage. Who is
correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
10. Student A says that the neutral start switch in a

transmission with electronic shift controls is the
same as the ones in all other transmissions.
Student B says that the neutral start switch in a
transmission with electronic shift controls is
operated by the manual shift linkage. Who is
correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
11. Student A says that if a transmission uses a

comfort power switch, the switch will raise the shift
points when it is in the power position. Student B
says that if a transmission uses a comfort power
switch, it will produce firmer shifts when it is in the
comfort position. Who is correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
11. Student A says that if a transmission uses a

comfort power switch, the switch will raise the shift
points when it is in the power position. Student B
says that if a transmission uses a comfort power
switch, it will produce firmer shifts when it is in the
comfort position. Who is correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
12. The TCC should not apply if the

a) brakes are applied.
b) engine coolant sensor senses a cold engine.
Which is correct?
a) A
b) B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
12. The TCC should not apply if the

a) brakes are applied.
b) engine coolant sensor senses a cold engine.
Which is correct?
a) A
b) B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
13. An electrical circuit must have which of the

following to operate?
a) Power source, conductors, load
b) Circuit protection, conductor, load
c) Power source, switch, load
d) Conductor, load, ground
CHAPTER QUIZ
13. An electrical circuit must have which of the

following to operate?
a) Power source, conductors, load
b) Circuit protection, conductor, load
c) Power source, switch, load
d) Conductor, load, ground
CHAPTER QUIZ
14. Student A says that diagnostic trouble codes can

be read from a light on the dash. Student B says
that the diagnostic trouble codes will pinpoint the
problem. Who is correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
14. Student A says that diagnostic trouble codes can

be read from a light on the dash. Student B says
that the diagnostic trouble codes will pinpoint the
problem. Who is correct?
a) Student A
b) Student B
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
CHAPTER QUIZ
15. The vehicle speed sensor is driven by the

a) front wheel.
b) speedometer.
c) transmission output shaft.
d) drive shaft.
CHAPTER QUIZ
15. The vehicle speed sensor is driven by the

a) front wheel.
b) speedometer.
c) transmission output shaft.
d) drive shaft.
CHAPTER QUIZ
16. The throttle position sensor is located on the

a) throttle cable.
b) throttle body.
c) gas pedal.
d) transmission case.
CHAPTER QUIZ
16. The throttle position sensor is located on the

a) throttle cable.
b) throttle body.
c) gas pedal.
d) transmission case.
CHAPTER QUIZ
17. The throttle position sensor is typically a

a) thermistor.
b) rheostat.
c) potentiometer.
d) switch.
CHAPTER QUIZ
17. The throttle position sensor is typically a

a) thermistor.
b) rheostat.
c) potentiometer.
d) switch.
CHAPTER QUIZ
18. A pulse-width modulated solenoid can be used to

a) modulate the engine pulses.
b) smooth the application of the clutches.
c) signal the computer of a problem.
d) give the technician information about a problem.
CHAPTER QUIZ
18. A pulse-width modulated solenoid can be used to

a) modulate the engine pulses.
b) smooth the application of the clutches.
c) signal the computer of a problem.
d) give the technician information about a problem.
CHAPTER QUIZ
19. If a conductor has infinite resistance it is

a) corroded.
b) open.
c) closed.
d) grounded.
CHAPTER QUIZ
19. If a conductor has infinite resistance it is

a) corroded.
b) open.
c) closed.
d) grounded.
CHAPTER QUIZ
20. A _____ is used to prevent high-voltage spikes

from a collapsing electromagnetic field.
a) Transistor
b) Relay
c) Diode
d) potentiometer
CHAPTER QUIZ
20. A _____ is used to prevent high-voltage spikes

from a collapsing electromagnetic field.
a) Transistor
b) Relay
c) Diode
d) potentiometer

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OBJECTIVES

After studying Chapter 8, the reader should be able to:

• Current electronic automatic transmissions are able

FIGURE 8-2 When the transmission control module (TCM) is ready to

FIGURE 8-4 This electronic transmission

• The three measurable aspects of electricity that

FIGURE 8-5 (CONTINUED) If we compare electricity with hydraulics, voltage and

FIGURE 8-7 A series circuit (a) and a parallel circuit (b).

FIGURE 8-8 Wiring schematics use symbols to

FIGURE 8-9 This wiring diagram of a transmission with electronic

FIGURE 8-10 Circuit protection can be fuses with tubular or

FIGURE 8-11 This stop light switch is a normally open

• Solid-state electronics is the basis of automotive

FIGURE 8-22 The ECT (engine coolant

FIGURE 8-25 Some systems include an AD (analog–digital) buffer to convert the ac

FIGURE 8-27 The stop light switch is

• Electronic Transmission Shift Controls

FIGURE 8-29 Solenoid control occurs when the

FIGURE 8-30 This electrical schematic shows

FIGURE 8-31 The scan tool is being plugged into

FIGURE 8-33 One of the solenoids is wired directly to this internal

FIGURE 8-34 The CCD (Chrysler Collision

FIGURE 8-39 The hydraulic diagram of a Toyota A240E transaxle

FIGURE 8-40 The valve body for a 41TE transaxle.

FIGURE 8-42 The solenoids and pressure switches of this Chrysler

1. Electronic controls are used for more accurate

4. The hydraulic operation of the transmission is

1. Electronic control of the automatic transmission provides

4. The three major parts that an electronic control

1. Student A says that it is important to have an

1. Student A says that it is important to have an

2. Electrical pressure is measured in

2. Electrical pressure is measured in

3. The current flowing through a circuit is measured

3. The current flowing through a circuit is measured

4. The resistance to electrical flow through a

4. The resistance to electrical flow through a

5. The controlling unit for an electronically shifted

5. The controlling unit for an electronically shifted

6. A _____ is an electromagnetic device that can be

6. A _____ is an electromagnetic device that can be

7. A normally vented solenoid _____ allow fluid to

7. A normally vented solenoid _____ allow fluid to

8. Student A says that a transmission with electronic

8. Student A says that a transmission with electronic

9. If the solenoids fail in a transmission with

9. If the solenoids fail in a transmission with

10. Student A says that the neutral start switch in a

10. Student A says that the neutral start switch in a

11. Student A says that if a transmission uses a

11. Student A says that if a transmission uses a

12. The TCC should not apply if the

12. The TCC should not apply if the

13. An electrical circuit must have which of the

13. An electrical circuit must have which of the

14. Student A says that diagnostic trouble codes can

14. Student A says that diagnostic trouble codes can

15. The vehicle speed sensor is driven by the

15. The vehicle speed sensor is driven by the

16. The throttle position sensor is located on the

16. The throttle position sensor is located on the

17. The throttle position sensor is typically a

17. The throttle position sensor is typically a

18. A pulse-width modulated solenoid can be used to