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5 –
MEASURES OF POSITION
Quartiles
Fractiles: are numbers that partition,
or divide, an ordered data set into
equal parts. (ex: median divides
data into two equal parts)
The Quartiles, Q1, Q2, and Q3
approximately divide an ordered
data set into four equal parts.
One quarter of the data fall below Q1.
Half of the data fall below Q2, which is
the median.
Three quarters of the data fall below Q3.
Ex 1:
The test scores of 15 employees enrolled in a CPR
training course are listed. Find the first, second, and
third quartiles of the test scores.
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Interquartile range (IQR):
Of a data set is the
difference between the third
and first quartiles.
IQR = Q3 – Q1
Ex3:
Find the interquartile range of the 15 test scores
given in ex1. What can you conclude from the
result?
13 9 18 15 14 21 7 10 11 20 5 18 37 16 17
The IQR is a measure of variation that gives
you an idea of how much the middle 50% of
the data varies. It can also be used to identify
outliers. Any data value that
Another important
lies more than 1.5 IQRs
application of quartiles to the left of Q1 or the
is to represent data right of Q3 is an outlier.
sets using box and You can use a box and
whisker plots which is whisker plot to
an exploratory data
analysis tool that
determine the shape of
highlights the important a distribution.
features of a data set.
Box-and-Whisker Plot:
Five number summary: Drawing a box-and-whiskers
1. the minimum entry plot:
2. the first quartile Q1 1. Find the five number
summary
3. the median Q2
2. Construct a horizontal scale
4. the third quartile Q3 that spans the range of the
5. the maximum entry data.
3. Plot the five numbers on the
scale
4. Draw a box above the
horizontal scale fro Q1 to Q3
and draw a vertical line in the
box at Q2
5. Draw whiskers from the box
to the minimum and maximum
entries.
Ex4:
Draw a box and whisker plot that represents the 15
test scores given in example 1. What can you
conclude from the display?
13 9 18 15 14 21 7 10 11 20 5 18 37 16 17
Percentiles and Other Fractiles