Geological Processes

and Hazards
 Republic Act 10121
• Which is also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act of 2010.
• The act which strengthens the Philippines’ Disaster risk reduction
and management system by providing a farmework and
institutionalizing the national risk reduction and management
plans as well as appropriating funds.
 Important Terms Defined by the RA 10121

• Disaster
• Disaster Mitigation
• Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster Response
• Hazard
 Important Terms Defined by the RA 10121

• Rehabilitation
• Risk
• Risk Management
• Vulnerability
 National Disaster Risk Reduction And
Management Framework
• The framework is a comprehensive, all-hazards,
multisectoral, inter-agency and community-based
approach to disaster risk reduction and management.
The Four Priority Areas of the NDRRMF

• Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster Response
• Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
• Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
 Disaster Preparedness

• Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to

anticipate, cope, and recover from the negative impacts
of emergency occurrence and disaster

• They are handled by the Department of Interior and

Local Government
 Department of Interior And Local
Government
• The Department of Interior and Local Government or
DILG is responsible for promoting peace and order,
ensuring public safety and strengthening local
government capability aimed towards the effective
delivery of basic services to the citizenry.
 Disaster Response

• Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence

needs of affected population based on accpetable
standards during or immediately after a disaster.
• They are handled by the Department of Social Welfare
and Development.
 Department of Social Welfare and
Development
• The Department of Social Welfare and Development is
responsible for the protection of the social welfare of
rights of Filipinos and to promote social development.
 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

• Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts by

reducing vulnerabilities and exposure and enhancing
capacities of communities.

• They are handled by the Deparment of Science and

Technology.
 Deparment of Science and Technology.

• The Deparment of Science and Technology is

responsible for the coordination of science and
technology-related projects in the Philippines and to
formulate policies and projects in the fields of science
and technology in support of national development.
 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

• Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and living

conditions and organizational capacities of affected
communities, and reduced disaster risks in accordance
with the “building back better” principle.
• They are handled by the National Economic
Development Authority.
 National Economic Development Authority

• Coordination of such activities as the formulation of

policies, plans and programs to efficiently set the broad
parameters for national and sub-national (area-wide,
regional and local development.)
• Undertaking of short-term policy reviews to provide
critical analyses of development issues and policy
alternatives to decision-makers.
•
• Review, evaluation, and monitoring of
infrastructure projects identified under the
Comprehensive and Integrated Infrastructure
Program (CIIP) consistent with the government’s
thrust of increasing investment spending for the
growing demand on quality infrastructure facilities;
and
 The Purpose of the Four Priority Areas

• Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino

communities towards sustainable development.
 Geological Processes and Hazards

• The Philippines is a large archipelago consisting more

than 7 100 islands. It is located along the western pacific
basin and lies between two tectonic plates whose
interactions give rise to geologic processes like tectonic
earthquakes, volcanism, and mass movement. It is also
part of the circum-Pacific seismic belt and is within the
subduction zones called the “Ring of Fire.”
 Geological Hazards

Hazards Process
• Ground Accelaration
Fault-related/seismic • Ground Rupture
• Liquefaction
• Differential Settlement
 Geological Hazards

Hazards Process
• Landslides
Fault-related/seismic • Fault Creep
• Lateral Spread
• Tsunami and Seiches
 Mass Movement

• Landslides
A.) Fall E.)Spread
B.)Topple F.)Flow
C.) Slump G.)Complex
D.)Slide
 Mass Movement

• Creep
• Subsidence
• Settlement
 Volcanic

• Lava Flow
• Debris Flow
• Pyroclastic Flow
• Debris Avalanche
• Lahar
 Volcanic

• Lateral Blast And Pyroclastic Surge

• Bombs and Ballistic Projectiles
• Ash Falls
• Tsunami
• Flooding
 Volcanic

• Volcanic Gases
• Volcanic Earthquaks
 Geological Processes and Hazards

• We cannot stop the natural hazards but we can lessen its

impact. Policies, plan and programs to reduce the risk of
hazards are embodied in RA 10121.
 Mines and Geoscience Bureau

• The Mines and Geoscience Bureau or MGB conducted

the geologic mapping program to:
1. Identify geologic hazard prone areas in the country
2. Disseminate information to minimize the impacts of the
geologic processes.
 The Geologic Mapping Program

• Consists of three main activites.

1. Rapid assesment survey to generate geohazard maps.
2. Priority and reproduction of maps manuals and
information materials for public dissmenation.
3. Information through different kinds of media and
mode.
 Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness,
Response, and Rehabilitation
• This topic includes:
• Basic understanding about the phenomena
• What to do before the event
• What to do during the event
• What to do after the event
 Earthquakes

• Sudden movement of the earth caused by the release of

energy rocks.
• May be described in terms of its magnitude and intensity.
 What to do before an Earthquake

• Check potential sources of hazards at home.

• Have a communication plan among the family on where
to meet and whom to call.
• Have a disaster supply ready.
 What to do during an earthquake

• If indoors:
• Drop to the floor, cover your face and head with your
arms and go under a sturdy table.
• Stay away from anything that may fall.
• Stay inside until the shaking stops then move to an open
area
 What to do during an earthquake

• If outdoors:
• Stay where you are
• Move away from structures that may fall.
 What to do during an earthquake
• If in a moving vehicle:
• Stop and stay in the vehicle. Avoid stopping near the
structures.
• Do not light a match
• Cover your mouth with clothing and handkerchief
• Tap a pipe/wall or a whistle so the rescuers can locate you.
 What to do after an earthquake
• Check for injuries
• After you have taken care of yourself, help people who are
injured or trapped.
• Get everyone out if your place is unsafe
• Expect aftershocks.
• Listen to radios or TV for updates or government advisories.
 Volcanic Eruption

• Release of gases such as water, carbon dioxide, carbon

monoxide, and sulfer dioxide. Release of liquids such as
lava. Release of solid such as pyroclastic, ash and dust
from the volcano’s vent.
 What to do before a volcanic eruption
• Be aware of warning signs indicating that a volcano is about to
erupt.
• Listen to government warnings.
• Prepare emergency kits
• Disconnect electrical appliances.
• Transfer immediately to a higher place or government
designated evacuation areas
 What to do during a volcanic eruption

• Close doors and windows

• Cover your nose with wet cloth
• Stay inside the house or evacuation center
• Cover electrical devices, food, and water containers with cloth or
plastic
• Avoid driving unless necessary.
 What to do after a volcanic eruption

• Go back to your homes only if advised by the local government

or agencies
• Remove accumulated ash on roof and plants
• Listen to government advisories for the latest information
• Help in the clean up of the place
• Assist injured persons
 Tsunamis

• Enormous waves generated by seabed disturbances,

where earthquakes and tsunamis originate.
 What to do before a tsunami

• If you live in a coastline area, coordinate with the local

government and ask for tsunami warning arrangements
• Have an emergency kit ready
• Identify high areas and plan an escape route.
 What to do during a tsunami

• Move immediately to high ground

• If you cannot escape it, go to the highest floor, rooftop,
tree or grab a floating object
• Never go to the shore to watch the tsunami
• Listen to local advisory
 What to do after a tsunami

• Do not return to your home unless advised by the agency

or local government
• Stay away from flooded or damaged areas
• Check if you have injuries
• Upon returning home check for any damages
 Landslides

• Sudden fast movement of cohesive mass of soils, rocks

or regolith
 What to do before a landslide

• Check if your area is at risk for landslides

• Look for warning signs such as changes in your
landscape, widening cracks, rumbling sound, jammed
door and window.
• Inform the neighbors of any incoming landslide or
landslide threats.
 What to do during a landslide

• Get out of the building when you hear a rumbling sound

• If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball and protect
your head
• Seek refuge behind a sturdy tree
• Stay away from the path of debris fall
 What to do after a landslide

• Listen to radio for latest information

• Check the site or building and assess the damage before
returning home
• Stay away from landslide area
• Check yourself if injured
• Look for and report damage to concerned people