2 Theories and Principles of MTB MLE

The WHAT and WHY of
Mother Tongue – Based Multilingual Education

(MTB-MLE)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
The
What
What is Multilingual Education
Mother tongue-based multilingual education
(MLE) is education, formal or non - formal, in
which the learner’s mother tongue and
additional languages are used in the
classroom. Learners begin their education in
the language they understand best - their
mother tongue - and develop a strong
foundation in their mother language before
learning additional languages.
Multilingual Education
The purpose of a multilingual

education program is to develop
appropriate cognitive and reasoning
skills enabling children to operate
equally in different languages -
starting in the mother tongue.
o is a structured program of language learning and

cognitive development providing:
 a strong educational foundation in the first
language
 successful bridging to one or more additional
languages
 enabling the use of both/all languages for life-
long learning
o is based in the child’s own known environment
and bridges to the wider world. “Known to
Unknown”
o maintains local language and culture

while providing national/international
language acquisition and instruction
o promotes learners’ integration into the

national society without forcing them
to sacrifice their linguistic and cultural
heritage.
o Meaning based education enables students to learn

well because they understand what the teacher is
saying.
o Using the culture the child knows enables

immediate comprehension from which new
concepts can be built – going from the known to the
unknown.
o Reading in the mother tongue enables

immediate comprehension
o Once we learn to read we never have to

learn again – “ We only learn to READ
once”
The
Why
We are Multilingual - Usec. Dina
o One of the goals of effective teaching is to create a
classroom environment that is both familiar to the
learner and also stretches them beyond their previous
experiences.
How can teachers help bridge young learners from the

learning styles of home to those of school?
o Children bring knowledge, opinion, perspectives
and questions to the classroom.
o Teachers should allow for learners’ different

understanding of the world, and facilitate active
reflection on those ideas and exploration of new
ideas.
The most basic of all pedagogical principles is
this:
Understand what the learner already knows

and begin with that. “START FROM WHERE
THE LEARNERS ARE”
David Ausubel, 1968
We are Multilingual - Usec. Dina
Group Task
■ Complete the table below. In your group, choose one mother tongue in the Philippines. Indicate
the mother tongue you chose in the last column.
Courteous Expressions (Leave-taking, everyday expression and special occasions)
English Spanish Filipino Mother Tongue
Good morning!
Good noon!
Good afternoon!
Good evening!
Excuse me!
May I go out!
Welcome!
Hello! or Hi!
Goodbye!
Happy birthday!
Congratulations!
Group Task
■ Complete the table below. In your group, choose one mother tongue in the Philippines. Indicate
the mother tongue you chose in the last column.
Courteous Expressions (Leave-taking, everyday expression and special occasions)
English Spanish Filipino Mother Tongue
Condolences!
Merry Christmas!
Happy New Year!
Come again!
Take Care!
Have a good day!
Please!
May I!
I apologize!
How are you?

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES
OF MTB-MLE
Reference:
Teaching and Learning Languages and Multi-literacies: Responding
to the MTB-MLE Challenge
Let’s recall
1.According to your parents/guardians,
when did you start talking?
2.What is your first language?
3.Who do you think influenced you the
most in learning how to talk or
communicate?
Lesson 1
LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY:

SOCIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVES OF LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE
■Considered one of the elements of culture
■It is the system of words or signs that a
particular group of people uses to express
thoughts and feelings with each other
■Primary tool used in the communication
process
What are the linguistic elements of
language?
1. Phonology – the sound system of a language
2. Morphology – the study of the structure of
words
3. Syntax – the study of the structure of
sentences
4. Semantics – the study of meaning in language
5. Pragmatics – the appropriate use of language
in different contexts
Why is language
cultured-based?
Language Environment
All languages take place within a particular
environment
Language that is appropriate to one

environment might appear meaningless or
foolish in another
4 Elements of Language
Environment
■People
■Their Purpose
■The Rules Communication by Which They
Achieve their Purpose
■The Actual Talk Used in the Situation
How do we acquire
Language?
Lesson 2
First Language Acquisition

(FLA) and Literacy
Development
Different Theories that Influence
Language Acquisition
1. Behaviorist Perspective (B.F Skinner)
Believe that language like any other knowledge,
skills and values can be taught to children via
repetition, imitation and habituation
*Children learn to speak by copying the utterances
heard around them, and by having their responses
strengthened by the repetitions, corrections and other
reactions that adults provide.
3 Basic Parts of Audio-lingual Teaching Method
1. Presentation through oral and dialogue form with little
explanation. Errors are immediately corrected, accuracy
emphasized, accurate repetition and memorization of
the dialogue is the goal of this stage
2. Practice through patterned drills to help learners master
the structure of the language and fluency overly
emphasized
3 Basic Parts of Audio-lingual Teaching Method
3. Application through the use of the memorized

structures in different contexts
2. Constructivist Perspective (J. Piaget and Lev
Vygotsky)
Argue that children are prewired to learn and
acquire language as they go through different
developmental stages
Cognitive Constructivism
Stage Age Description
Sensorimotor 0-18 Knowledge is acquired and structured through sensory
months perception and motor activity. Schemes involve action rather
than symbols
Preoperational 2-6 Knowledge is acquired and structured through symbols such
years as words, but schemes are intuitive rather than logical
Concrete 7-12 Knowledge is acquired and structured symbolically and
Operational years logically, but schemes are limited to concrete and present
objects and events
Formal 12 years Knowledge is acquired and structured symbolically and
Operational and logically, and hypothetical/deductive (“if then) thinking can be
older used to generate all the possibilities in particular situation
Cognitive Constructivism
As children become sophisticated in their mental

processes, the more susceptible they are in
acquiring and manipulating language to
represent ideas
Sociocultural Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky emphasized the importance of private
speech, children talking to themselves for turning
shared knowledge into personal knowledge
Vygotsky’s theory implies that cognitive development
and the ability to use thought to control one’s own
actions require first a mastery of cultural
communication systems and then learning to use
these systems to regulate one’s thought processes
Sociocultural Constructivism
He explained that every individual has zone of
proximal development (ZPD) – the gap between
actually ability, something that they can do on
their own and potential ability, something that
they can do with help and supervision (scaffold)
The Critical Period (CP) Hypothesis
Eric Lenneberg (1921-75) was a linguist and a
neurologist who pioneered on innateness argued
that the development of language in children
can best be understood in the context of
developmental biology that critical period in
human maturation existed especially on
language acquisition
The Critical Period (CP) Hypothesis
Lenneberg believed that the development of

language was said to be the result of brain
maturation
Innateness (Noam Chomsky)
Chomsky argued that children are endowed with
the capacity to acquire a language as they are
continuously exposed to adult speech
INPUT LAD or Universal Grammar OUTPUT
General
Primary
language Grammatical
Linguistic Data Child’s Speech
learning Knowledge
(Adult Speech) principles
Interactionists’ Perspective
 Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT) explains

that children learn from each other and from others
through observation, imitation and modeling
 This theory explains that children imitate the words and

language patterns they hear by watching and listening to
the models, caregivers and family members in their life
4 Phases Bandura’s Analysis of Observational Learning
1. Attention Phase – Paying attention to the model
This phase actually explains why teenagers are hooked
up with pop culture
2. Retention Phase – Once teachers and adult have learner’s
attention, it is time to model the behavior they want students to
replicate and then give learners a chance to practice or
rehearse
4 Phases Bandura’s Analysis of Observational Learning
3. Reproduction – learners attempt to replicate the model’s
behavior
In the classroom, this takes the form of an assessment of
learners’ learning
4. Motivation Phase – Children will imitate a model
because they believe that doing so will increase their own
chances to be reinforced
GROUP TASK
■ Critique the MTB-MLE Curriculum Framework in
the Philippines
■ Discuss what needs to be improved (if any) and
propose an alternative to improve the
framework.
■ Then prepare an extemporaneous talk regarding
your analysis of the MTB-MLE curriculum in the
Philippines

2 Theories and Principles of MTB MLE

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The WHAT and WHY of

Mother Tongue – Based Multilingual Education

The purpose of a multilingual

o is a structured program of language learning and

o maintains local language and culture

o promotes learners’ integration into the

o Meaning based education enables students to learn

o Using the culture the child knows enables

o Reading in the mother tongue enables

o Once we learn to read we never have to

How can teachers help bridge young learners from the

o Teachers should allow for learners’ different

Understand what the learner already knows

Happy New Year!

Have a good day!

How are you?

LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY:

Language that is appropriate to one

First Language Acquisition

3. Application through the use of the memorized

As children become sophisticated in their mental

Lenneberg believed that the development of

 Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT) explains

 This theory explains that children imitate the words and

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