HUMAN

MUSCULO-
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
SCIENCE 6
ONG YIU CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
NATIVIDAD T. LOZARITO, MT-II
WHAT IS THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
 The body system that serves as a
support framework, protects vital
organs, works with muscles to
produce movement, and produces
blood cells.
FUNCTIONS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
 There are four (4) main roles of the
skeletal system:
1. provides support
2. allows your body to move
3. protects internal organs
4. stores and produces materials that
your body needs (blood cells)
1. SUPPORT
 Your skeleton is made up of all the
bones in your body.
 Your skeleton gives your body
its basic shape and provides the
support that you need.
2. MOVEMENT
 In coordination with your muscular and
nervous systems, your skeletal system allows
you to move.
3. PROTECTION
 Many bones of the skeletal
system protect internal
organs.
4. STORAGE AND
PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS
 Your bones store essential substances which are
released when other parts of the body need them.
 Some bones also produce blood cells.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
BONES AND JOINTS
 Your skeletal system is made up
of just over 200 bones.
 A place in your body where two
or more of your bones come
together is called a joint.
DEVELOPMENT OF BONES
 Your bones are living structures that
undergo change throughout your life.
 Cartilage is a tough supportive
tissue that is softer and more flexible
than bone.
 By young adulthood, most of this
cartilage is replaced by bone in a
process called ossification.
 In a process called ossification
minerals, such as calcium and
phosphorus, are deposited within the
cartilage, making it hard.
STRUCTURE OF BONES
 Bone consists of two different types
of tissue—
 compact bone
 spongy bone.
 Another type of tissue called
marrow fills the spaces in bones.
 There are two types of marrow—
red and yellow.
STRUCTURE OF BONES
Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.

Spongy Bone
Outer Membrane Spongy bone contains flat
An outer membrane and needlelike structures
covers most of a long bone. that resist stress. Red bone
The inner portion of a membrane marrow may fill the open
contains cells that build up and spaces in some bones.
breakdown bone.
Central Cavity
Central cavities in long
bones usually contain
yellow bone marrow (fat).
JOINTS & LIGAMENTS
 Joints allow for movement and
protect bones from friction and
force.
 Bones are held together at joints
by strong, fibrous bands called
ligaments.
 Pivot Joint

JOINTS A pivot joint connects your

head to the first vertebra in
your backbone. It allows you
Ball-and-Socket Joint
A ball-and-socket joint allows movement
in all directions. Your shoulders and hips
to turn your head from are ball-and-socket joints.
side to side.

Gliding Joint
Hinge Joint
Gliding joints allow
Hinge joints allow
movement in many
bending and straightening
directions as the bones
movements.Your knees
slide along each other.
and elbows are
Your wrists and ankles contain
hinge joints.
gliding joints.
 _________ Joint

JOINTS connects your

head to the first vertebra in
your backbone. It allows you
________________ Joint
allows movement in all directions. Your
shoulders and hips are ball-and-socket
to turn your head from joints.
side to side.

_________ Joint
________ Joint
Allow movement in many
allow bending and
directions as the bones
straightening movements.
slide along each other.
Your knees and elbows are
Your wrists and ankles contain
hinge joints.
gliding joints.
TRIVIA! – CRACKING
KNUCKLES
Cracking knuckles has not been
clearly linked to causing arthritic
problems.
The popping or cracking sound is
normal.
When a joint is pulled, lower pressure
is created in the joint area, causing
tiny air bubbles to break.
• Which is the noise people hear.
KEEPING BONES HEALTHY
 A combination of eating well,
exercising, and avoiding injuries
contributes to lifelong bone and
joint health.
 Regular medical checkups can
help detect skeletal system
problems.
KEEPING BONES HEALTHY
 Adequate intake of calcium and
phosphorus will help your bones grow
to their maximum size and strength.
 Osteoporosis is a condition in which
the bones become weak and break
easily.
 Other nutrients that are important for
bone health include potassium,
magnesium, and vitamins A, C, and D.
KEEPING BONES HEALTHY
 Another way to build strong bones and prevent
osteoporosis is to get plenty of weight-bearing
exercise.
 Activities in which the bones support the
entire weight of your
body help your bones
grow strong and dense.
AVOIDING JOINT INJURIES
 Proper warm-up and stretching
exercises are important to help prevent
joint injuries.
a) Sprains - A sprain is an overstretched or
torn ligament.
b) Dislocations - In a dislocation, the ends of
the bones in a joint are forced out of their
normal positions.
c) Torn Cartilage - Serious damage to the
cartilage between the bones in a joint is
known as torn cartilageOveruse Injuries -
MEDICAL CHECKUPS
 A doctor can advise you on how to prevent serious
injury or recommend other professionals who can
help you.
 A nurse or doctor may check your spine for
scoliosis, an abnormal curvature of the spine.