dr.

HARDHI PRANATA
P.D.H.M.I
HERBAL MEDICINE (Medicinal Plant)

 54,3 % Indonesian people use it as traditional

medicine

 Hippocrates (Father of Modern Medicine):

“ Let food be your medicine and medicine be your
food”

 Medicinal plant in Indonesia use as

o Food (ginger, turmeric, chili, garlic, celery, etc)
o Supplement (garlic, white curcuma, etc)
o Complementary (guava, Phaleria macrocarpa)
o Drug (Phyllantus niruri, gotukola, andrographis
paniculata, celeri)
SWOT Analysis of Medicinal Plant

 STRENGTH
 Biological more compatible to human body
 Could be used as food supplement, complement,
drug
 Less side effect, one herbs, multi compound, that
acts synergistically
 Indonesia is the fifth mega biodiversity
 About 33.000 potentially plant could be used as
medicine
 Traditionally used for thousand years
 Cheap
 Broad indication as health promotion, preventive,
curative, rehabilitative, palliative of diseases
 WEAKNESS
 Raw material contamination with bacterial, mold,
heavy metal
 Quality and quantity depend on soil, environment,
season, climate changes
 Has a complex formula – depends on people’s
experience
 Lessevidence based and Mostly empirical based
experience
 In Indonesia only a few phytopharmaca
 OPPORTUNITY
 Trend of ‘Back to Nature’
 Economical value potential
 Indonesia is a mega diversity country
 Degenerative disease and metabolism disorder tends
to be increased in this millenium ages

• THREAT
– Global warming and climate changes
– Environment contamination with pesticide, heavy
metal, and pollution
– Less numbers of medicinal plants caused by urban
development
PRINCIPLE USE OF MEDICINAL PLANT

• RIGHT DOSE
– Empirical herbs depends on people’s tradition like the
numbers of use of leaf, stem, or root in making medicinal
herbs
– The product made by manufacturer should be consumed
in a right dose as its written on the back of the product’s
side

• RIGHT TIME
– Irritating-stomach Herbs should be taken after a meal
e.g: Rosella tea, morinda, ginger, garlic, orange,
andrographis paniculata, chili
− Herbs that reduce uterine contraction like cabai jawa
(Piper retrofractum) should not be used in the late
pregnancy
• RIGHT ROUTE OF USE
– Herbs like cajuput oil should be used externally
– Datura metel Leaf (kecubung) should be smoked for
asthmatic patient

• RIGHT PATIENTS
– Most of medicinal plant like chemical drug must be used
carefully for the pregnant, lactating women

• RIGHT INDICATION
– Catharantus roseus (Tapak dara) could reduce numbers of
leucocyte in blood
MEDICINAL PLANT CHARATERISTIC

• COMPLEMENTARY EFFECT
– Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) contains thymol, calvacrol, and
polymethoxyflavon
* Thymol acts as an expectorant
* Calvacrol acts as an antibacterial
* Flavon enhances immune system

• SYNERGIC EFFECT
– Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) contains
polymetoxyflavon, saponin, potassium that synergicly act
as diuretic
• ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
– Tobacco leaf (Rheum officinale) contains anthraquinone
as laxans but also contains tannin as an antidiarrhea

• SIDE EFFECT ELIMINATING SUBSTANCES (SEES)

– Sugar cane (Saccharum officanarum L) that produces
sugar contains Sacharant as an anti diabetic
 DAFTAR TANAMAN OBAT PROSPEKTIF UNTUK
FITOFARMAKA
NO Nama Tanaman Bagian Indikasi Potensi
1. Garlic (Alium savitum) Umbi lapis Candidiasis, hyperlipidemia

2. Benalu Teh (Loranthus spec) Batang Megarah ke antikanker

3. Brotowali (Tinospora rumphii) Batang Antimalaria, diabetes

4. Ceguk (Quisqualis indica) Biji Askariasis, oksiuriasis

5. Daun ungu (Graptophylum pictum) Daun Haemorrhoid

6. Delima putih (Punica granatum) Kulit buah Antiseptik. Antidiare

7. Dlingo (Acorus calamus) Rimpang Sedativa

8. Inggu (Ruta graveolens) Daun Analgetika, antipiretika

Analgetika, antipiretik,
9. Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Rimpang
antiinflamasi

10. Jambu biji (Psidium guajava) Daun Antidiare, DBD

11. Jambumede (Anacardium occidentale) Daun Analgetika

12. Jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) Daun Hiperlipidemia

13. Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Buah Antitusif

14. Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) Daun Meningkatkan produksi ASI

15. Kejibeling (Strobilantus crispus) Daun Nefrotiliasis, diuretika

 DAFTAR TANAMAN OBAT PROSPEKTIF UNTUK
FITOFARMAKA
NO Nama Tanaman Bagian Indikasi Potensi
16. Kumis kucing (Ortosiphon stamineus) Daun Diuretika

17. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) Rimpang Hepatitis, artritis, antiseptik

18. Labu merah (Cucurbita moschata) Biji Taenasiasis

19. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Herba Diuretika, antiseptik, antikeloid

20. Pala (Myristica fragrans) Buah Sedativa

21. Pare (Momordica charantia) Buah/ biji Diabetes

22. Pepaya (Carica papaya) Getah, daun, biji Sumber papain, antimalaria

23. Saga telik (Abrus precatorius) Daun Stomatis, aftosa

24. Sambiloto (Andrographis panicullata) Herba Antiseptik, diabetes

25. Seledri (Apium graveolens) Daun Hipertensi

26. Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Daun Analgetika, antipiretika

27. Sidowayah (Woodfordia floribunda) Bunga Antiseptika, diuretica

28. Sirih (Piper betle) Daun Antiseptic

29. Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) Daun Nefrotiliasis, diuretica

30. Temulawak (Curcuma xantorrhiza) Rimpang Hepatitis, artritis

 Immunomodulator: Meniran, Lidah buaya,
Sambiloto, Temulawak

 Anti-Inflammation : Temulawak, Lempuyang,

jahe, Lengkuas

 Anti-Parasite : Leuchena leucocephala,

Tinospora (brotowali), Temuireng for treating:
Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Wuchereria
bancrofti

 Anti-viral : Meniran, Pasak Bumi, Beluntas, dan

Jambu Biji
 Anti-biotic : Meniran, Beluntas, Lengkuas dan Tabat
Barito,

 Anti Hypercholesteremia : Labu Siam, Temulawak,

Salam, Kunyit, Sambiloto, dan Mengkudu

 Anti Hypertension : Belimbing Wuluh, Seledri, Garlic,

Leunca, Kayu Manis, Rosella, Pegagan

 Anti Oxydant : Temulawak, Cabai, Buah Mengkudu,

Lengkuas, Daun Salam, Teh, Lada Hitam

 Diabetes mellitus : Pare, Salam, Jamblang, Kayu Manis,

Brotowali, Mengkudu, Sambiloto, Kunyit
 Uric acid: Sidaguri, Anting-anting, Kepel, Salam

 Fever : Sambiloto, Pule, Temulawak

 Tooth ache : Cengkeh, Jambu Mede

 Obesity : Kemuning, Gamboge, Jati Belanda

 Anorexia : Lempuyang wangi, temulawak, temu

mangga, temu ireng, temu kunci
 Nephrolithiasis: Tempuyung, keji beling, Meniran,
Sembung

 Dyspepsia : Pare, Pala, Jahe, Temulawak, Kunyit

 Nausea & vomitting : Jahe , ketumbar

 Cancer palliative & supportive : Sirsak, pegagan, kunyit

putih, sambiloto, ceplukan, manggis, keladi tikus

 Heart & Vascular disease : Pegagan, garlic, dewa,

temulawak, kunyit
 Gastritis: Kunyit, Temulawak, Pegagan

 Arthritis : Cabe, Sereh, Kayu putih, Cengkeh, Jahe,

Temulawak, Tapak liman, salam

 Constipation: Lidah buaya, senna, wungu

 Cough: Saga, Adas, Kencur, Jahe

 Gastroentritis: Jambu biji, Tapak liman, Sambiloto

 Insomnia: Pala, Valeria

 Hepatoprotector: Temulawak, Paliasa, Kunyit,
Meniran, Sambiloto

 Erectile dysfunction : Purwoceng, Som jawa,

Cabe jawa

 Hemorrhoid: Wungu

 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: Adas,

Sambiloto

 Skin disease: Lengkuas, Ketepeng Cina, Pegagan

?
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