ENABLING WORKS

SITE LEVELING & OTHER ENABLING

WORKS

TTM (DS-1) -1A (i)

1 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing :
Basic objective
• to set up the plant in a leveled ground for
smooth transportation, construction and
operation.
• To balance cutting & filling at site.

 Sometimes site leveling is done to keep the

plant formation level above high flood level for
safety.
 Terracing is done while site leveling to avoid
huge cutting or filling.
 Sometimes terracing is done to optimize cost
of construction 2 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):

Planning of work :
The work should be planned according to the
priority and site condition.

Sequence of work :
 Taking of spot levels of the existing ground.
 Stripping of vegetation at the areas where filling
is to be done.
 Relocation or cutting of trees (cutting to be avoided
as far as possible) 3 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing - Sequence of work (cont’d):

Excavation in high areas and leveling.

Storage of good earth (Obtained from
excavation) in a selected location.
Disposal of unusable earth (Obtained from
excavation) in allotted area.
Filling of low areas with good earth.
Selection of borrow pit, if necessary.
4 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing - Sequence of work (cont’d):

Compaction & leveling of filling area.

Checking of compacted earth.
Taking of spot levels of the finished ground
Measurement of earthwork in site leveling.

5 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):

The following points have been detailed below :

1) Taking of spot levels :
 The site engineer should record initial & final
reduced levels of the existing ground jointly with
the contractor.
 The spot levels to be taken with respect to a
bench mark
 The levels are to be taken in the form of a 10M x
10M grid pattern in general. This may be
changed as per site condition and direction of
the site engineer.
6 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):
2) Excavation in bad ground :
 If the bottom of excavation as per drawing appears
to be soft, unsound or unstable, the excavation
may go further deeper until a good strata is
obtained.
 In such case the extra depth shall be filled up with
concrete or any other good materials.
 If good strata is not available within 1m of extra
depth, the site engineer should refer the matter to
the designer for his suitable advise on soil
improvement.
7 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):
3) Formation of temporary haul roads :
Haul roads shall be formed to carry
excavated materials from high areas to low
areas for filling.
These roads shall be graded and watered
from time to time to prevent dust nuisance
and provide good visibility in the working
areas.

8 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):
4) Filling of earth :
 Roots, sods, wood or other organic matters shall not
be placed in the fill.
 The fill material shall be laid in continuous horizontal
layers not exceeding 300 mm thickness.
 Dozers and graders shall be used for spreading and
leveling the material to uniform thickness.
 The fill material shall be kept slightly sloping from the
centre to the edges to avoid formation of pools during
the rains.
 All large clods shall be broken up by manual laborers.
9 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):

5) Compaction of earth :
 Compaction of each layer shall be carried out by
sheep foot roller capable of giving bearing
pressure of 25 kg/sq cm of foot area.
 The layer of earth fill shall be compacted till the
sheep foot of the roller rises out of the ground.
 Compaction of each layer may also be carried out
by a vibratory roller, 10 T power roller.
10 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing – Compaction of earth (cont’d):

Sheep foot roller Vibratory roller

11 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing – Compaction of earth (cont’d):

If the optimum moisture content is not attended,

the layer needs to be watered before rolling.
If the layer is too wet then it shall be allowed to be
aerated till the optimum moisture content is
reached.
The rolling speed shall be limited to 5 – 6 km/hr to
achieve good compaction in the field.

12 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing – Compaction of earth (cont’d):

For granular material rolling shall be done in

two perpendicular directions.
For cohesive materials, rolling shall be done
in one direction only and no cross rolling
shall be allowed.
In both the cases an overlap of at least 50
cm shall be made on all subsequent passes.
13 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Site leveling including terracing (cont’d):

6) Checking of compaction :
 For filling minimum field compaction to be
achieved shall be 95% of laboratory maximum
dry density at optimum moisture content as
obtained from proctor density test.
 The tolerance limit for variation of +1% and –2%
from the moisture content shall be allowed for
the fill material during compaction.
14 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction roads:
Purpose :
1) Bringing construction materials &
equipment from outside.

2) Transportation of above construction

material & equipment from one place to
another inside the project premises.

15 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction roads (Cont’d)
3) Transportation of excavated earth from
site to dump yard.

4) Transportation fabricated structures from

fabrication yard to site.

5) Transportation of concrete from batching

plant to work place.

16 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction roads (Cont’d)
6) In plant movement of crawler/ tyre
fitted equipment from one place to
another.

7) Movement of persons from one place

to another.

17 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction roads (Cont’d)
Other features :

1) The construction road network should be in

line with the alignment of the plant
permanent road network to the optimum.

2) Construction roads should be built up upto

the base course as per the specification of
plant permanent road.
18 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction roads (Cont’d)
3) A wearing course of minimum 50 mm thick
bitumen mix should be provided on the top to
avoid dust generation due to traffic movement.

4) NP3 class hume pipe sleeves should be placed

below the road (across the cross section) in
certain places for taking electrical cables, pipe
lines etc.

19 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction railways:
Purpose :
Bringing construction materials in bulk and over
dimensioned equipment from outside to project site.

Linkage with the external railway system:

The formalities and methods of linking construction railway
tracks with the external railway network are same as that
for plant permanent railway network. It requires approval
from the concerned zonal railway authority based on the
feasibility study and project report prepared by an
approved consultant of railway.

20 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction railways (Cont’d)

Planning for railway network :

The construction railway network should be
planned in line with the alignment of the plant
permanent railway network to the optimum.

21 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction railways (Cont’d)
Other features :
1) The standards for laying of tracks shall be same as
that for the plant permanent railway network.

2) Temporary pipe culverts are to be made cross

drains, crossing of pipes, electrical cables etc.

3) Temporary level crossing shall be provided while

crossing the construction roads.
22 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction drains:
Purpose :
Construction drains are made for discharging –

 sub-soil water from the excavate pits

 storm water.
Other features :
1) The drains are planned in such a way so that
the distance between excavated pits and drain
always remain reasonable.
23 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Construction drains (Cont’d)
2) Construction drains are generally planned by
the side of the construction roads and railway
tracks also maximum extent in alignment of
permanent drain.

3) The storm water shall be discharged finally to a

designated place outside the plant premises.

24 OF 26
 ENABLING WORKS
Sewerage system during construction :
 The temporary sewerage network are made for
discharging sewage generated from the laborer’s
colony, site offices etc.
 The sewerage lines are generally made of uPVC
pipes, buried under the ground in a designed
slope. The sewage is transported to nearby soak
pit by gravity.
 Sewerage pipes are encased while crossing the
roads, railway track etc.
25 OF 26
THANK YOU

26 OF 26