PROBLEM 2-6

At one point in a horizontal pipeline the

pressure of water flowing at a velocity of 15
ft/s is 17 lb/in2 (abs). At another point close
by, where the pipe has a smaller section, the
pressure is 16 lb/in2 (abs). Neglecting losses,
find the velocity of flow at the latter point.
 GIVEN REQUIRED
𝑓𝑡
𝑣1 = 15
𝑠 Velocity of flow at the
𝑃1 = 17 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑃2 = 16 𝑝𝑠𝑖 smaller section
𝐻𝐿 = 0 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑)
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
 SOLUTION
Using the Bernoulli’s Theorem:
𝑃1 𝑣1 2 𝑃2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝑃 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

And since HP = 0 , HL = 0 and z1 = z2

𝑃1 𝑣1 2 𝑃2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝑃 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
𝑣2 2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑣1 2
= +
2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
 SOLUTION
𝑙𝑏𝑓
Since no temperature was given, assume 𝛾𝐻2𝑂 = 62.4 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑙𝑏𝑓 144 𝑖𝑛2 2 𝑓𝑡2
2 17−16 2 ( ) (15) 2
𝑣2 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡2 𝑠
= 𝑙𝑏𝑓 + 𝑓𝑡 = 5.801481128 𝑓𝑡.
2𝑔 62.4 3 2(32.2 𝑠 )
𝑓𝑡

2
𝑓𝑡
𝑣2 = 2(5.801481128 𝑓𝑡)(32.2 2 )
𝑠

𝟐
𝒇𝒕
𝒗𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟓
𝒔
 DISCUSSION
• Problem 2.6 has a very straightforward solution because we neglect
the loss in head due to friction in the pipes. It can be solved by
reducing Bernoulli’s equation by considering the elevation head
change as zero (0) since the pipe in question is horizontal, and head
added by the pump as zero (0), as well, since there is no pump in
the system.
 PROBLEM 2-5
Find the pressure drop in pounds per
square inch occurring in 225 ft. of 12-in. “best
cast iron” pipe handling 4500 gpm of 60°F.
water. The absolute viscosity of the water is
2.389 (10)-5 slug per ft-sec. (One gallon =
0.134 cu. ft.)
 GIVEN
L = 225 ft slug/ft-s
REQUIRED
d = 12 in 1 gal = 0.134
Q = 4500 gpm ft 3
The pressure drop in pounds
T H2O= 60°F PIPE MATERIAL per square inch
IS BEST CAST
μH2O =
IRON
2.389x10 -5
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
 SOLUTION
Using the Bernoulli’s Theorem:
𝑃1 𝑣1 2 𝑃2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝑃 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

And since HP = 0 , v1 = v2 and z1 = z2

𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝐻𝐿 =
𝛾
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 𝐻𝐿 𝛾
 SOLUTION
Lv 2
HL  f
2 gd
Q
v
A
gal  0.134 ft 3  1 min 
4500   
min  1gal  60 s 
v 2
  1 ft 
12 in  
4  12in 
v  12.79605742 ft
s
 SOLUTION
Solving Reynold’s Number
Vd
NR 
g
lb f
 H 2O @ 60 F  62.34
ft 3
lb f  ft  ft  1 ft 
62.34 3  slug  2 12.79605742 12in  
ft  s  s  12in 
NR 
slug  ft 
2.389 10 5  32.2 2 
ft  s  s 
N R  1036981.377  1106
 SOLUTION
From Figure 2-3 Friction Head Loss:
ft 2
For best cast iron, d 0.017225 ft 12.79605742
2

HL  s2
= 12 in  ft 
2 32.2 2 12in 
1 ft 

 s  12in 
Use curve 6 H L  9.725186374 ft
For NR = 1x106 , f =
0.017
 SOLUTION
Finally, for the Pressure drop
P1  P2  H L
 f  1 ft 
2
lb
P1  P2  9.725186374 ft 62.34 3  
2 
 ft  144in 
P1  P2  4.210195268 psi
 DISCUSSION
We may notice that the typical solution to these types of problems is
procedural, in nature. We start by solving for the velocity of the fluid
flow across a given section. Then, we solve for the Reynolds’ number
and determine the type of fluild flow. Next, we turn to the Reynold’s
number vs Friction factor curve (Fig. 2-3) to find the friction factor. IT
NEEDS CAREFUL ESTIMATION. Using the Darcy equation, we can find
the head loss and insert it to the Bernoulli’s theorem. Remember to
consider the heads that need to be neglected.