DEMONSTRATION MULTPURPOSE SCHOOL

RIE MYSORE

INVESTIGATION PROJECT PHYSICS

TOPIC:-

Aim to investigate the relation between

output and input voltage
SUBMITED BY:- SUBMITED TO:-
MADHU SUDHAN.G.S ABHIRAJ
11A DMS DMS
 Abstract
Aim to investigate the relation between output and
input voltage
Relation Between

 Output and input voltage

 Number of turns in the secondary coil and primary of a self designed transformer a transformer
is an electrical device which is used for changing the A C voltages
 A transformer is most widely used device in both low and high current circuit as such
transformers are built in an amazing strength of sizes. In electronic, measurement and control
circuits, transformer sizes may be so small that it weight only a few tens of grams where as in
high voltage power circuits it may weight hundred of tones
 In transformer, the electrical energy transfer form one circuit to
another circuit take place without the use of moving parts.
A transformer which increases the voltage is called step up transformer. A
transformer which decreases the A C voltage is called step up transformer.
Transformer is, therefore an essential piece of apparatus both for high and low
current circuits .principle
 A transformer based on the principle of mutual induction according to this
principle, the amount of magnetic flux linked with coil changing ,an e m f is
induced in the neighbouring coil that is if a varying current is step up in a
circuit induced e m f .is produced in the neighbouring circuit . The varying
current produce varying current produce varying magnetic flux which induces
e.m.f in the neighbouring circuit.
Requirements

 The transformer consists of tow coils. They are insulated with each other by
insulated material and wound on a common core. For operation at low
frequency, we may have a soft iron. The soft iron core is insulating by joining
thin iron strips coated with varnish to insulate them to reduce enery losses by
eddy currents. The input circuit is called primary. And the output circuit is
called secondary.
Procedure

 Take a soft iron rad of cm and cm diameter. Wrap thick paper on it.
 Wind a coil P of enamelled copper wire 200 turns.
 Wind another coil S of thick enamelled copper wire with 400 turns.
 Both coils are wound over same length of the rod, so that almost the entire
flux produced by current in one is linked to the other.
 Connect the coil S with an AC voltmeter. Connect an identical voltmeter
across P also.
 Switch on the current in P and note voltage across the two coils
 Find the ratio Vp to Vs
Observation

 We will find that ratio of VP and Vs across the two coils is equal to the ratio of
number of turns in the coil P to that in the coil S.i.e

VP/VS = Np/Ns------------(1)

. The coil P(to which AC voltage is applied) is called the primary and coil S (in
which AC is induced) is called the secondary.
. Since coil S is placed very close to the coil P, the power in
the primary is transferred into the secondary through mutual
induction.

. It is clear from equation 1, that by appropriate choice of

the turn ratio i.e., Np/Ns, we can obtain a higher voltage or
lower voltage or lower voltage is S compared to that in P.