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Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
(LCP)
Facilitating
Learning
3
TAKE THE
CHALLENGE! In this Module, challenge yourself
to attain the following learning
outcomes:
Learner-
Centered
1. explain the 14 principles; and
Psychological 2. advocate the use of the 14
Principles principles in the teaching-
4
LCP
American Psychological Association Motivational
Cognitive and
and Affective
Metacognitive
The American Psychological Factors
Factors
Association (APA) is the (3 Principles)
(6 Principles)
largest scientific and
Learner-
professional organization of Centered
psychologists in the United Psychological
Prinicples
States of America. (14 Principles)
Psychological Factors
rather than Physiological Individual
Developmental Differences
Holistic approach and Social Factors
Intended to apply to all Factors
(3 Principles)
(2 Principles)
learners and the members
of the educational system
COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE FACTORS
1. Nature of the learning process
The learning of a complex subject matter is most effective when it is an
intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience.
3. Construction of knowledge
The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in
meaningful ways.
COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE FACTORS
4. Strategic thinking
The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and
reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.
6. Context of learning
Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology,
and instructional practices.
MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE FACTORS
7. Motivational and emotional influences on learning
What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner’s motivation. Motivation
to learn, in turn, is influenced by the individual’s emotional states, beliefs, interests and
goals, and habits of thinking.
• Appropriateness of material
• Intellectual, social, emotional, and physical domains
• Over emphasis on one type of devel
• Prior or past experiences
• Early and continuing parental involvement
• Awareness and understanding of development differences among children
DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS
11. Social influences on learning
Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relations and
communication with others.
• Learning settings
• Interactive and collaborative instructional contexts
• Quality personal relationships
• Family influences, positive interpersonal support and instruction in self-
motivation strategies
• Positive learning climates
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES FACTORS
12. Individual differences in learning
Learners have different strategies, approaches and capabilities for learning
that are a function of prior experience or heredity.
5. Situation of context
Learning happens in the context of a society as well as within an individual.