Data communication

 Data- information's that can be done in (voice,

picture, video, number)

 Data communication- data communication

refers to the exchange of data between a source
and a receiver via form of transmission media
such as a wire cable
 Four characteristics for effective data
communication system
1. Delivery- the system must deliver the data to the correct destination

2. Accuracy- the system must deliver the data without error and accurately

3. Timeliness- the system must deliver the data in timely manner

4. Jitter- jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time

 COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
 Message- the message is the information (Data) to be communicated e.g
text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video

 Sender- the sender is the device that sends the data message E.g Computer,
Work station, Telephone, handset, and video camera

 Receiver- the receiver is the device that receives the message E.g
computer, workstation, Telephone, Handset, Television

 Transmission medium- it is the physical path by which a message travels

from sender to receiver. E.g twister pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic
cable, radio waves.

 Protocols- A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications

 Early ways of
communication
 In the early days, message might be passed from one ship to other by
shouting, or by sending a small boat to physically carry a message.

 Flags, lightship or musical instruments might be used too, though in fairly

haphazard.

 Flags were useless at night, so lightship were use instead1653

 For example, the British navy in 1653 issued fighting instruction which
specified that admiral hoisted a red flag on his foremast, it meant “attack
the enemy fleet” : if the admiral hoisted a blue flag from his mizzen mast it
meant “follow me” and so on. If a ship spotted the enemy. They would
warn the rest of their fleet by firing a certain numbers
 Communication is what?

It is a process of exchanging –
Information
Ideas
Thoughts
feelings
emotions
Through –
Speech
signals
writing
bahavior
 communication
What is communication?
o Came from a Latin word which means “to share”.
o It is the sharing of information between different individuals. This
includes the thought, encoding and decoding. The thought is the
subject of information that exist in the sender`s mind
o It can be done verbally, non verbally, through written or in visual
communication.
o Communication process splits into three major steps:
Thoughts
Encoding
Decoding
 Telegraph
 The term telegraph comes from the Greek word “tele, means”
at a distance and “graphien”, meaning to “write”

 It is an apparatus for communication at a distance by coded

signals especially: an apparatus, system, or process for
communication at a distance by electric transmission over wire
 Bits and bytes
1) Bits- smallest unit of data in computer

2) it has single binary value (0,1)

3) Bits- from a shortening of the word “Binary Digit”

o Bits can be interpreted through

 on or off
 yes or no
 True of false

 Bytes
1) Bytes- 8 bits and it is the smallest unit of memory that can be
addressed in many computer system.