CSMSS

Chh. Shahu College of

Engineering

INTRODUCTION OF ROAD PAVEMENTS

BY,
1)
 Road Pavement

 A layered structure supported by the subgrade soil to

form the carriage way of a road is called a road
pavement.
 Pavement

 Pavement is finished with a hard smooth surface. It

helped make them durable and able to withstand
traffic and the environment.
 They have a lifespan of between 20-30 years.
 Component Parts of Road pavement
Structure

1. Subgrade or formation
2. Sub-base
3. Base course or foundation course
4. Base coat or intermediate course
5. Wearing course
 1. Subgrade or Formation

 The finished or compacted surface of earthwork on

which a road pavement rests is called subgrade or
formation.
 Provide support to the road pavement.
 Subgrade carries entire load of pavement including
the load of traffic.
 2. Sub-base

 A layer of granular material provided in between the

subgrade and the base course in a road pavement is
called subbase.
 It improves the bearing capacity of subgrade.
 It improves drainage and keep check on capillary rise
of subsoil water.
 3. Base course

 A layer of bricks provided in double layer over the

sub-base or immediately over the subgrade in the
absence of sub-base in a road pavement is called
base course.
 To withstand high shearing stresses develop due to
the impact of traffic on the wearing course.
 To act as foundation in the road pavement.
 4. Base coat

 A layer of hard stones provided in between the base

course and the wearing course in a road pavement is
called base coat or bearing course or intermediate
coat.
 To transmit load over the large area of the base
course.
 To act as layer of transmission material.
 5. Wearing course

 The topmost layer of road pavement directly exposed

to trafic is called as wearing course or sufacing.
 To provide impervious layers then to avoid entry of
water to base course.
 It distribute safely the traffic load over the base
course.
 It acts as impervious layer, thus avoids the entry of
water to the base course.
 Design criteria

 Load bearing ability

 Durability
 Safety
 Cost
 Maintennce
It also depends upon type of design,
i. Structural design
ii. Functional design
iii. Aesthetical design
Some Creative Ideas
 Types of Pavement

 Following are two basic types of road pavement:-

 Flexible Pavement

 The road pavement which can change their shape to

some extent without rupture are known as flexible
pavement.
 E.g. Bituminous pavements, gravel pavements, water
bound macadam pavement.
 It is cheap and easy in construction.
 Require less supervision.
 Rigid Pavement

 The road pavement which cannot change their shape

without rupture are known as rigid pavement.
 E.g. Cement concrete pavement.
 The rigid pavement have more stiffness than flexible
pavement.
 Require strict supervision.
Structure of Pavements
 Load transfer

 Load is transferred to the lower layer by grain to

grain distribution as shown in the figure given below
 Load transfer

 The wheel load acting on the pavement will be

distributed to a wider area, and the stress decreases
with the depth. Flexible pavement layers reflect the
deformation of the lower layers on to the surface
layer.
 Equipments used for construction of
Pavement

1) Vibratory roller for compaction purpose.

2) Shovels
3) Spades
4) Sieving screens
5) Concrete mixer for mixing of concrete
6) Formwork
7) Watering devices
Damage in Pavement
Requirements of Good Road Pavement

 It should be cheap and easy to construct.

 It should be suitable to all type of traffic.
 It should be strong and durable.
 It should provide good visibility at night.
 Riding must be safe and comfortable.
 Maintenance cost must be low.
 Purposes of Road Pavement

 To carry heavy wheel loads of vehicular traffic.

 Distribute the vehicular load over a large area of the
underlying subgrade soil.
 To provide a smooth surface.
 To prevent ill effects of weathering agencies on
subgrade soil.
 References

1] S.K.Khanna – C.E.G. Justo, book of highway

engineering.
2] R Srinivas Kumar, book of highway engineering.
3] Chakroborty book of highway engineering.