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Objectives
By the end of this session, the student should
be able to:
Differentiate different types of ISE.
Define selectivity of ISE.
Calculate the E cell of ISE.
Differentiate between direct, indirect , Std addition and
potentiometric titration.
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Applying Nernst equation to Ion-selective Electrodes
0.0591
EK log [C ] ( analyte ) n charge of analyte
n
log [ A ] (analyte )
0.0591
EK
n
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Example 1
A cyanide ion-selective electrode obeys the equation: E = K – 0.05916 log [CN–]
The potential was 0.230 V when the electrode is immersed in 1.00 mM NaCN.
a) Evaluate the constant in the preceding equation.
b) Using the result of (a), find [CN–] if E = 0.300 V.
c) find [CN–] if E = 0.300 V.
Solution:
a) Evaluate the constant
E = K – 0.05916 log [CN–]
0.230 = K – 0.05916 log (1.00 x 10-3)
Constant, K = 0.407 V
b) 0.300 = 0.407 – 0.05916 log [CN–] [CN–] = 1.55 x10-2 M
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Example 2
Solution:
E = 40.0 mV, aF-(tap) = 1.00 mg/L P.S. Note that we have 0.05916/n if
the potential is in Volt and 59.16/n
if the potential measured in
E ground water = k – (0.05916 / 1) log [F-]
millivolt
Etap water = k – 0.05916 log 1.0 We do not need to convert units .
Subtract:
E ground water - Etap water = k- 0.05916 log [F-]- k +0.05916 log 1.0
0.04 = - 0.05916 log [F-]
-0.676 = log [F-] Shift log (-0.676) = 0.21
Conc of F- in ground water= 0.21 mg/L
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Selectivity Coefficient
• No electrode responds exclusively to one kind of ion.
• An electrode intends to measure ion A also may respond to ion X. The selectivity coefficient
describes the relative response of the electrode to different species
response to X
k
A, X
response to A
• Where kA,X is the selectivity coefficient of A over X. The smaller the selectivity coefficient,
the more selective the electrode to ion A, i.e., the less the interference by foreign ion X.
• For interfering ion with charge j, the response of the ion selective electrode can be
described by the equation:
a A: conc of analyte
a X : conc of interfering ion
log a A k AX ( a X ) n j
0.05916
E cons tan t n: charge of analyte
n j: charge of interfering ion
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Example 3
One commercial sodium ion-selective electrode has a selectivity
coefficient of kNa+, H+ = 36. When this electrode was immersed in
1.00 mM NaCl at pH = 8.00, a potential of 38 mV (versus SCE) was
recorded.
a)What would be the voltage if the solution had the same calcium concentration
plus Mg2+=1.00x10-3 M, Ba2+=1.00x10-3 M and Zn2+=5x10-4 M.
For the solution containing the interfering ions, we can say that …
At equal concentrations, Zn2+ interferes the most because it has the largest
selectivity coefficient.
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Applications of potentiometry
1- Direct potentiometry [Ca2+], Emeas,
log [Ca2+]
Example 5 ppm mV
Where,
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Example 6
The wastewater from an industrial processing plant was routinely analyzed for lead as
required by EPA. When a Pb ion-selective electrode and a SCE reference were
immersed in 50.0 mL of the sample, the cell potential was found to be –0.118 volts.
5.00 mL of a 0.006 M solution of Pb2+ standard solution was added to the above
sample and the measurement repeated; the cell potential was changed to –0.109 volts.
What is the approximate concentration of Pb in the wastewater in mg/L?
Solution
( 0.109 ( 0.118 )
5 50
c u 0.006 ( ) / [10 0.05916 / 2
( )]
50 5 50 5
cu = 4.93 x 10-4 mol/L
atomic mass of Pb = 207.2 g/mol
conc. of Pb = 4.93 x 10-4 X 207.2 = 0.1023 g/L
conc. of Pb = 0.1023 g/L X 1000 = 102.3 mg/L
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Exercise 1 (Instrumental Analysis (Skoog)
The following cell was found to have a potential of 0.124 V:
SCE // Cu2+ (3.25x10-3 M) / membrane electrode for Cu2+
When the solution of known copper activity was replaced with unknown solution, the
potential was found to be 0.105 V. What is the pCu of this unknown solution?
(solution pCu = log [Cu2+] =3.14)
Try to solve
Problems 15-1, 15-8, 15-28, 15-29, 15-30, 15-34, 15-40.
Harris text book, p342-345
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