A dive into Electric Vehicle…

Constructional Features
Induction Motor
 Components of the motor
• Stator and stator windings- It consists of three phase electric
wires in the slots provided and are separated at an angle of
120° from each other
• Rotor- It is basically of squirrel cage type with the core
laminated. The conducting bars provided are closed and
connected to each other. Furthermore, they have a skewed
orientation.
• Bearings to support the rotor and provide an air gap.
• Fan for cooling purposes due to heating effect from copper,
hysteresis and eddy losses.
 Rotating magnetic field

Three phases are electrically placed at an angle of 120°

from each other. The result is a rotating magnetic field
Generation of rotor torque
Motor Specification of E-Verito
3 phase 72 volt induction motor
30.5 kW @ 3500 rpm
91 NM torque @ 3000 rpm
Power Source
1.Fuel Cells

• No pollution, water as a by product

• Raw materials for batteries are rare earth
metals so difficult to mass produce
• Fuel cells last as longer as chemicals
constantly flow through it, so longer life.
• Higher power output capability.
• Lesser weight than a battery of
corresponding power output.
• Higher efficiency as compared to a battery.
 Challenges to fuel cells
• Cost- Mainly due to proton exchange membrane and precious
metal catalysts . The amount of catalyst has to be reduced
• Durability- The proton exchange membrane degrades for the
of and on cycle of fuel cells and the process is aggravated at
elevated temperatures.
• Hydration- The membrane must remain hydrated to transfer
proton. This creates problems at low humidity, extreme
temperature environments. High pressure hydration systems
required for high temperatures.
• Infrastructure- Hydrogen generation and delivery
infrastructure needed.
• Reformation of hydrogen- The hydrogen that is used has to
be very pure or else it severely affects the efficiency of fuel
cells.
Polymer exchange membrane fuel cell
2.Battery
Lead Acid

Lithium ion
Inverter
Transmission

• Single Complex
Gear arrangement.
• Open Differential
System.
• !0:1 Reduction in E-
Verito.
• Software used for
controlling the
slippage.
Telematics

Telematics in E Verito
• Check of vehicle parameters and remote monitoring and diagnostic
• Charging patterns, range, CO2 saved etc.
Tesla Model S E- Verito

Volt Amh Weight

18650 3.6 2.9 44
21700 3.78 4 54 • 23 modules in series parallel fashion
• 7140 cells total • Total of 72 volt
• 16 modules in series • 200 Amh
• 6 groups (series) of 74 cells(in parallel) • 110 km range
• 85 Kwh • Normal charging at 120 volt in around 8 hrs
• 500 km range • Super charging at 480 volt in 1 hr 45 mins
Volvo Concept
CHALLENGES AHEAD-
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Electric system safety
• Protection against direct contact
• Protection against indirect contact

• Functional System Safety

• System activation warning
• Emergency disconnect device
• Over speeding
• Battery Safety
• Explosion hazards

• Battery charging safety

• Off board battery chargers
• On board battery chargers

• Vehicle maintenance, operation and training

• First-line maintenance: by the user
• Second-line maintenance: in the workshop
• Third-line maintenance: in the manufacturer’s workshop
• Driver training