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SYNDROME
INTRODUCTION
Compartment syndrome (CS) is a limb-
threatening and life-threatening condition
Compartment syndrome is a condition that
occurs when injury causes generalized
painful swelling and increased pressure
within a compartment to the point that
blood cannot supply the muscles and
nerves with oxygen and nutrients.
INTRODUCTION
Compartment syndrome has been found
wherever a compartment is present: hand,
forearm, upper arm, abdomen, buttock,
and entire lower extremity. Almost any
injury can cause this syndrome, including
injury resulting from vigorous exercise.
COMPARTMENT SPACE
Thick layers of tissue, called fascia, separate groups of
muscles in the arms and legs from each other. Inside each
layer of fascia is a confined space, called a compartment. The
compartment includes the muscle tissue, nerves, and blood
vessels. Fascia surrounds these structures, similar to the way in
which insulation covers wires.
Fascia do not expand. Any swelling in a compartment will lead
to increased pressure in that area, which will press on the
muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. If this pressure is high
enough, blood flow to the compartment will be blocked. This
can lead to permanent injury to the muscle and nerves. If the
pressure lasts long enough, the muscles may die and the limb
may need to be amputated.
TYPES OF COMPARTMENT
SYNDROME
Measurement Pressure
Pre-exercise > 15 mm Hg
1 min Post-exercise > 30 mm Hg
5 min Post-exercise > 20 mm Hg
Pedowitz et al.
MANAGEMENT OF COMPARTMENT
SYNDROME