Presented By

Ashutosh Diwakar
TE Civil ( T151160021)
Under guidance of
prof. Khalid Iqbal Sir
At
Department of Civil Engineering,
Maulana Mukhtar Ahmed Nadvi Technical Campus,Malegaon
(2018-2019)
The Submerged floating
Tunnel is a tube like
structure made of Steel
and Concrete utilizing the
law of buoyancy.
 ARCHIMEDE’S PRINCIPLE
• Archimedes‘ principle states
that the upward buoyant
force that is exerted on a body
immersed in a fluid, whether
fully or partially submerged, is
equal to the weight of the fluid
that the body displaces and
acts in the upward direction at
the center of mass of the
displaced fluid.

Research shows that the buoyancy to weight ratio for the

tunnel to float should be less then 1 and between 0.5 to 0.8
WATER CROSSING STRUCTURES
 Structural Component of
Submerged Floating Tunnel
• Tube
• Anchoring
• Shore connection
 TUBE

It should accommodate the traffic

lanes and the equipments.
External shape can be circular ,
elliptical or polygonal. It may be
constructed of steel or concrete.

It is made of 3 layers
Aluminum
Foam
Concrete
ANCHORING
 SHORE CONNECTION

Tunnel
road
Parking & Parking &
service area service area
LITERATURE

REVIEW
Sr. Name Of Reference Paper Details Of Reference Paper
No.
1. Name of article : Objective:
Design of the Submerged The paper discusses the design challenges
Floating Tunnel operating presented by the various conditions and pros
under various conditions and cons for alternative technical solutions for
these various applications and summarizes
Author’s name: Bernt some of the experiences learned by the
Jakobsen Norwegian studies.

Source : sciencedirect.com Discussion:

1. The Norwegian history of SFT Design
2. The SFT concept
3. Design issues
4. Dynamic effects and their challenges
5. Accidental scenarios
6. Pontoons vs. tethers
Sr. Name Of Reference Paper Details Of Reference Paper
No.
2. Name of article : Objective:
When is SFT competitive? This paper presents these various advantages
and also points out some obvious
Author’s name : Havard disadvantages with this new and challenging
Ostlid structure.

Source : sciencedirect.com Point discuss:

1. Four principle types of SFT
2. What may be possible to build to day?
3. The competitive features of SFT
4. Areas for improving SFT competitiveness
5. A possible future for SFT
Sr. Name of reference paper Details of reference paper
no.
3. Name of article : Objective:
Research on Tubular This paper provides some meaningful
Segment Design of suggestions for the design of submerged
Submerged Floating Tunnel floating tunnel.

Author’s name: Discussion:

Wu Shengzhonga, Chen 1. Design principle and process of SFT tube
Xiangb,*, Li Qinxib,*, Cao 2. Key technology of SFT tube design
Gengrena 3. Selection of tube type
4. Structural design of SFT tube
Source : sciencedirect.com 5. Tube joint design
6. Waterproofing and corrosion
protection design of SFT tube
Sr. Name of reference paper
no.
4. Name of article :
Challenge In Design And
Construction Of Submerged
Floating Tunnel And State-
Of-Art
Author’s name:
Yiqiang Xianga,*, Ying Yang
a identification and control etc.
Source : sciencedirect.com
Details of reference paper
Objective:
This article discuses some challenges and
problems, which are faced in design and
construction of SFT, such as wave load
determination, vortex-induced
vibration, immigration and reduction of
accidental load and situation, durability,
innovational construction method, risk
Discussion:
1. Compared with conventional tunnel or
bridge
2. Main Challenges
3. Construction Method
 Construction Method of SFT
1) Prefabrication of tube segments
2) Transportation and Installation of SFT

Design Requisites
1) Internal dimensions
2) Tunnel cross-section
3) The issues related to the fabrication and erection

Materials
1) Steel 2) Reinforced Concrete
3) Pre-compressed RCC 4) Aluminum alloys
5) Rubber foam
 ANCHORING CONNECTIONS

Anchoring Connections

Anchoring Connection Detail: (A) Section; (B) Details Of The “Pyramidal” Reinforcing Box .
 WINDOWS

Tunnel cross-section where the windows are located

Detail of the window

 INTERNAL JOINTS
WATER TIGHT RUBBER

SLIDING RUBBER RING

END JOINTS
FABRICATION AND ERECTION
 LOADING CONDITIONS

1) Permanent Loads
2) Functional Loads
3) Environmental Loads
4) Accidental Loads
 ADVANTAGES
1. Their speed of construction.
2. Minimal disruption to the river/channel, if crossing shipping
route.
3. Resistance to seismic activity
4. Safety of construction (for example, work in a dry dock as
opposed to boring beneath a river).
5. Flexibility of profile (although this often partly dictated by
what is possible for the connecting tunnel types).
 DISADVANTAGES
1. Immersed tunnels are often partly exposed (usually with
some rock armor and natural siltation) on the river/seabed,
risking a sunken ship/anchor strike.

2. Direct contact with water necessitates careful waterproofing

design around the joints.

3. The segmental approach requires careful design of the

connections, where longitudinal effects and forces must be
transferred across.

4. Environmental impact of tube and underwater embankment

on existing channel/sea bed.
 CHALLENGES TO BE FACED
• Cost: Due to lots of material and machinery involved in
project, estimated cost is nearly 1.2 Thousand core dollars.
• Fire: It is difficult to rescue people if fire will break out in
train and also to face the problems due to the smoke of
fire.
• Collision: If in case of collision of two trains took place, it
is very difficult to rescue the people.
• No Stoppage: It is very difficult to stop the train travelling
on such a high speed.
• Water: If any how a huge amount if water enters
suddenly in the tunnel then there is no way to get out for
the travelers who are not in the terminal positions.
 CONCLUSION
The submerged floating tunnel will set up new
trends in transportation engineering and which shows with the
advances in technology that will reduce the time required
for travelling. And make the transportation more effective
by hiding the traffic under water by which the beauty of
landscape is maintained and valuable land is available for
other purposes. Benefits can be obtained with respect to less
energy consumption, air pollution and reduced noise emission.
For wide and deep crossings the submerged floating tunnel may
be the only feasible fix link, replacing present days ferries and
providing local communities with new opportunities for
improved communication and regional development.