NETWORK

ARCHITECTURE
&
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
NETWORK STRUCTURE

 Server-based network
 Peer to peer network
Server-based network
 Usually one computer larger than the
clients called server.
 Server can also control data and printer.
ADVANTAG
ES
Centralized security.
 Dedicated servers.
 Easy accessibility.
 Easy back-up.
 Synchronized files.

DISADVANTAGES
o Dependent on administrator.
o Expensive servers.
 PEER-TO-PEER
NETWORKS
 Each workstation act as both client and
server .
 Each user is responsible for sharing data
and resources.
ADVANTAGES
Inexpensive.
Easy setup.
Easy maintenance.

DISADVANTAGES
o Weak security.
o Depending on user training.
o No central administration.
o Scattered data.
 OSI MODEL

(Open System Interconnection Model)

OSI Model
 Application Layer
 It serve as interface b/w user and network.
For example : E-mail
 To understand computer language.
 Prepare the message for delivery by
converting in bits.
 Presentation Layer
 Translate converting message into ASCII
code.
 Compress and encrypt data.
 Work to transfer data into the form that
application can accept.
 Session Layer
 The session layer establish the
communication session.
 In the case of connection loss this protocol
may try to recover the connection.
 If the connection is not used for a long
period, the session-layer protocol may
close it and reopen it.
 Transport Layer
 Transport layer also called end to end
layer.
 Layer ensure that data arrives correctly.
 Layer divides data into segments and put it
into transport header.
 Later it used to determine that data was
scrambled during transport session.
 Network Layer
 Split segments into smaller groups of bits
called packet.
 It provides sequence from a source to
destination host via one or more networks.
 it deliver message to host on his IP
address . Each host have a unique
address.
 Data Link
 Data link layer ensure that all packet of
information free of error.
 Keep the copy of each packet until it
receive a confirmation the packet has
received undamaged to next node.
 Physical Layer
 It encodes packet into signal recognized
by medium that carry them to receiver.
NETWORK
TOPOLOGY
Types
 Bus Topology

 Star Topology

 Ring Topology

 Mesh Topology
Bus Topology
 Network nodes and peripheral devices.
 Sending (data and destination address)
 Use only one cable
 Terminator

Advantages
 Least use of cable
 Extra circuitry and software
Star topology
 Central location
 Hub or switches
 Central connection point
 Sender and receiver
 Unable to communicate
Ring Topology
 Connection in circular chain
 Token ring topology
 Produce a speed (100Mb/sec)
 Only one packet of data
 Mesh Topology

 Least use
 Expensive to implement
 Cable runs to every computer

Advantages
 Data can never fail to be deliver