Low Voltage Power Systems

EMERSON Process Management – Educational Services Course 5590-Rev 4 7/15/06 Copyrighted Material / Duplication Prohibited
 Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to
• Understand the principles of single and three phase circuits
•Understand the difference between grounded and
ungrounded systems
• Calculate KVA loading

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 Basics of Power Distribution

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 Low Voltage Power Systems
• Operating voltage up to 1000 volts per ANSI / IEEE
• Can be single or three phase
• Can be groundeed or ungrounded

EMERSON Process Management – Servicios Educativos Curso 7012 - Rev 8 - 12/19/03 Copyrighted Material / Duplication Prohibited
 Single vs. Three Phase Power Systems
Advantages of Three Phase Power

 For a given load current, can deliver 1.73 times the power of
a single phase system

 Produces a rotating magnetic field for motors

 Requires less filtering when rectified to DC

 Voltages and currents are 120º apart

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 Grounded vs. Ungrounded Power Systems
 Grounded systems have one supply conductor grounded at the power source
 Ungrounded systems have no supply conductor grounded

Advantages of Grounded Systems

• Fixed phase - to - ground voltage
• First fault operates over current device

Advantages of Ungrounded System

• Increased service continuity

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 Single Phase Grounded System

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 Three Phase Grounded Delta System*-120/240 V

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 Three Phase Grounded Wye System –120/208V

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 Three Phase Ungrounded Delta System *

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 Single Phase Ungrounded Delta System – 120V

Note: Line Isolation Monitor (LIM) used on this system to detect leakage current to ground
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 Full load Currents – Single Phase Transformers

KVA Rating 120V 208V 240V 480V

1 8,34 4,8 4,16 2,08
3 25 14,4 12,5 6,25
5 41,7 24 20,8 10,4
7,5 62,5 36,1 31,2 15,6
10 83,4 48 41,6 20,8
15 125 72 62,5 31,2
25 208 120 104 52
37,5 312 180 156 78
50 417 240 208 104
75 625 361 312 156
100 834 480 416 208
125 1042 600 520 260
167,5 1396 805 698 349
200 1666 960 833 416
250 2080 1200 1040 520
333 2776 1600 1388 694 For other voltages or KVA ratings:
500 4170 2400 2080 1040 I = KVA x 1000
E

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 Full Load Currents – Three Phase Transformers
KVA Rating 208 V 240V 480 V
3 8,3 7,2 3,6
6 16,6 14,4 7,2
9 25 21,6 10,8
15 41,6 36 18
30 83 72 36
45 125 108 54
75 208 180 90
100 278 241 120
150 416 260 180
225 625 542 271
300 830 720 360
500 13980 1200 600 For other voltages or KVA ratings:
750 2080 1800 900
1000 2775 2400 1200
I = KVA x 1000
1500 4160 3600 1800
E x 1.732
2500 6950 6000 3000

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 Calculating KVA Loads
Short Method
1. Determine the average phase current
2. Use the folling multipliers to determine KVA
Use .36 for 208 V systems
Use .832 for 480 V systems
Example : I A = 80 A I B = 100 A I c = 120 A
I AVG = ( I A + IB + I c ) / 3
I AVG = ( 80 +100+120 ) / 3 = 300/3 = 100 A
KVA = I AVG x .36 = 100 x .36 = 36 KVA
Use the full load KVA tables to see available transformers

EMERSON Process Management – Servicios Educativos Curso 7012 - Rev 8 - 12/19/03 Copyrighted Material / Duplication Prohibited
 Calculating KVA Loads
Per Phase Method
1. Calculate the individual phase KVA loads
2. Add all three loads together to get the total KVA
Example: I = 50 A A Ib = 100 A Ic = 150A
KVA PH – A = ( IA x EA-N ) /1000 = (50x 120)/1000 = 6 KVA
KVA PH – B = ( IB x EB-N )/ 1000= ( 100 x 120) /1000= 12 KVA
KVA PH – C = ( IC x EC-N )/ 1000= ( 150 x 120 )/1000 = 18 KVA
Total KVA = KVA PH –A + KVA PH – B + KVA PH – C
Total KVA = 6 +12+18 = 36 KVA
Use the full KVA tables to see available transformers

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 Color Coding of Conductors ( Single Phase)

Conductor NA Color Code EMA Color Code

Line Identified by user Brown
Neutral White of Gray Blue
Ground Green or Green w/ Yelow Stripe Green/ Yelow Stripe

Note : The above color codes are requeriments of the Nacional Electrical Code and Canadian
Electrical Code also standard European power color Code.

EMERSON Process Management – Servicios Educativos Curso 7012 - Rev 8 - 12/19/03 Copyrighted Material / Duplication Prohibited
 Three Phase Circuits – Color Coding of Phases
Phase
Voltage L1 L2 L3 N E
208 V Black Red Blue White Green
480 V Red Yelow Blue Black Green

Note : The color not required by the NEC but are commonly used to identify phases

Phase
Voltage L1 L2 L3 N E
All Circuits Red Black Blue White / Grey

Note : The color codes requerided by the Canadian Electrical Code

Phase
Voltage L1 L2 L3 N E
All Brown Black Gray Blue Green / Yelow

Note : Latest color codes for the EUC.

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