PHYSICAL COMPONENTS

OF
AIRSIDE

Prepared by- S SAICHARAN

0
 Aviation: - Aviation or air transport, refers to the
activities surrounding mechanical flight and
the aircraft industry.

Ex: - When the activity, Industry and Regulatory body

associated with Aircraft is called Aviation.

 3 Major Distinct Areas are:-

 Land Side/ City side(Kerb Side).
 Terminal Building.
 Airside.
 Airfield: Aircraft can land and Take-off.

 Aerodrome: An Airfield with control Tower.

 Aerodrome as per Annex-14: A defined area on land or water

(including any building, installation & equipment) intended to
be used either wholly or in part for the arrival & departure and
surface movement of the aircraft.

 Airport: Airfield with control tower & Terminal Building where

Passengers & cargo can Travel.
 Runway: Rectangular are on land aerodrome prepared for
landing and take-off the aircraft.

 Take-off runway: Runway intended for take-off only.

 Primary Runway: Used in preference to others whenever

condition permits.

 Apron: Sometimes referred as RAMP (Regional area for

maintenance).

 Ramp is used for: Passenger boarding, Fuelling, Catering

loading, Toilet service, loading of baggage/ cargo,
maintenance activities.
 Aerodrome Beacon: Indicate the location of an aerodrome from
air.

 AGL (Aeronautical Ground Lighting System): Any light

specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light
displayed on an aircraft.

 Runway Strip: Runway Strip is defined as the area surrounding

the runway that is prepared or suitable for reducing damage to
Aircraft in the event of Unintentional excursion from
the runway surface.
 Manoeuvring Area: The part of the aerodrome to be used for take-
off, landing, taxiing of aircraft, (Exclude Apron).

 Movement Area: The part of the aerodrome to be used for take-off,

landing, taxiing of aircraft, (Include Apron).

 Threshold: Beginning of the portion of runway for landing.

 Touchdown Zone: Portion of runway beyond the threshold, where it

is intended landing aeroplanes first contact of runway.

 Race Track: For Non-Clearance, aircraft should travel in air in Race

track fashion.
 Taxiway: Established for taxiing of aircraft.
 Aircraft Stand Taxi lane.
 Apron Taxiway.
 Rapid Exit Taxiway.

 Taxiing: Moving Aircraft from taxiway to Runway.

 Airborne: Once the aircraft leaves the ground contact while

Taking Off.

 Engine Bleeding: Release Fire from the Nozzle.

(When Engine sucks any particle like hair or feathers, birds etc)
 Aviation Terminology
 Immigration: Coming to our Country from other Country
(IN - Arrivals).

 Emigration: Going from our country to Other Country

(Out – Departures).

 Kiosks : Self Check-In.

 Airport Village : Arrival Area.

 Transfer (Connecting) Passenger :

Passenger travelling on one aircraft to other aircraft to continue the trip
operated by same airlines or different airlines.
 On-board Passenger – Transiter.

 Embarkation: Boarding of Passenger.

 Disembarkation: De-Boarding of Passenger.

 Deplane: Passenger is getting down forcibly.

 Cort Sharing: Agreement between two airlines.

Ex: If we want to travel GOI to VTZ.
Air India from GOI to HYD and Indigo from HYD to VTZ.

 2Different Airlines- Transfer Passenger.

 1 Airline: Transit Passenger.

 Declared Distances:

 TORA: Take-off Run Available.

 TODA: Take-off Distance available (TORA + Clearway

to specific height).

 ASDA: Accelerate stop distance available (Length of the

runway (tora) + Stop distance).

 LDA: Landing Distance available.

Forces on an Aircraft
 Nose Tip to Tale Tip is Longitudinal Axis.

 Wing tip to other wing tip is Lateral Axis.

 Perpendicular to both longitudinal & Lateral axis is Normal Axis.

 R.H.S of Captain is Star board Wing.

 L.H.S of Captain is Port Wing.

 Left turn (or) Right turn of Aircraft Nose is Yaw Motion.

 Nose up (or) Nose Down of Aircraft Nose is Pitch Motion.

 One wing lowering and the other wing uppering is Roll Motion.
 Aircraft Stand

Designated area on a apron for parking of aircraft is Parking Bay.

Types:
 Contact Stand: Connected to PTB through boarding bridge.

 MARS Contact Stand: Multiple Aircraft Ramp Systems.

(Either remote or contact)

 2 Narrow on L & R or 1 centre body (wide aircraft).

 Remote Stand: Stand which is far from the PTB.

MARS Contact Stand
 Power in, Pushback Bay: This bay is either connected to terminal
(or) it has some barrier in front of bay the fencing wall or service
roads.

 Pushback: Push backwards away from an airport gate by external

power by tow bar & tow pin.

 Power in Power out bay: This bay doesn’t require tow tractor, it
can taxiing in & out by its own power.

 Aircraft Marshalling: Visual signalling between ground personnel

and pilots on an airport, aircraft carrier (or) helipad.
 Marshaller: Giving the directions to the aircraft to park in the right
place.
(Marshaller or replaced with VDGS)

 Visual Docking Guidance System: Electronic System show the

right direction to the pilot giving the directions to the aircraft to
park in the right place.

 Isolated Parking Bay: Should park aside from PTB in unlawful

interface.
(Aircraft should be parked at least 100m away from the PTB).
VDGS
 Category

 Code A, B – Extreme small.

 Code C-Narrow Body.

 Code D, E- Wide Body.

 Code F- Largest Aircraft.

 Aircraft Stand Marking: Provided for designated Parking position on

a paved apron.

 ATF (Aviation Turbine Fuel): White Kerosene.

Aerodrome Reference Code
Minimum Clearance Distance at Apron
AGL
 Aerodrome Beacon

 Aerodrome Beacon:
 At aerodrome intended for use at night.

 Located on or adjacent to the aerodrome.

 Flashes from 20-30 per minute.

 Alternating green with white flashes or White flashes only.

 Runway End Lights

 Provided for a runway equipped with runway edge lights.

 Consists of at least 6 lights.

 Unidirectional showing red in the direction of the runway.

 Runway Centerline Lighting

 Centerline lighting is white except:

 last 2000 feet i.e. 600 M of edge lights split yellow/white.

 last 3000 feet i.e. 900M centerline lights red/white.

 last 1000 feet i.e. 300 M centerline lights red.

Runway Centerline lights, Edge lights and End lights.
 Taxiway Edge Lights

 Colour is blue.

 Distance between lights can vary based on length of TWY.

 Cannot exceed 200 feet between lights.

 Taxiway Centerline Lights
 Colour is green.

 For RVR ops 1000 feet and above, spacing is max of 25 feet.

 For RVR ops below 1000 feet, max spacing is 12.5 feet.
 Why Aviation???

 Air Transport drive for Economic and Social Progress.

 Connect People, Countries and Cultures.

 Provides access to Global Markets, generate Travel and Tourism.

 Contribute to Sustainable Development Employment.

 Remote Areas Promoting Social Inclusion.

 Regulatory bodies of Aviation
Industry:
 Ministry Of Civil Aviation: The Highest policy making body.

 DGCA: Registering and licensing body.

 AAI: Maintaining Civil Aviation Infra.

 BCAS: Protecting the Civil Aviation.

 AERA: Determining the Tariff.

 Customs: Watchdog on material movement.

 Immigration: Watchdog of Man Movement.

RT Phraseology
 English is the official Language for Aviation.

 Hurdles: Human can talk better in their language.

 They cannot fully understand Pilot Accent.
 First Time in India introduced by GMR

Perimeter Intrusion Detection System(PIDS).

AOCC Concept.

Inline Baggage System.

Rosenberg in ARFF.