Community

Health
Nursing
(Skills)
 Overview of Community
Health Nursing
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 service rendered by a professional nurse with the
community, group, family and individual for the
promotion of health, prevention of disease, taken
care of the sick and rehabilitation. It is a synthesis
of knowledge and practice of public health and
prevent illness in population groups.
PHILOSOPHY OF CHN
 Anchored on the worth and dignity of man

ULTIMATE GOAL OF CHN

 Increase the level of health of the citizenry
 Increase the level of wellness

PRIMARY GOAL OF CHN

 Enhance people capabilities
EMPHASIS OF CHN

 Health promotion
 Process of enabling to increase control over and
improve health
 Disease prevention
 Identification of possible health problems

CLIENTS IN CHN
 Individual-Family-Group-Community
 The
Family
FAMILY

Basic unit of the community

A group of people related by blood,

marriage, or adoption living together (US
Census Bureau, 2000)
2or more people who live in the same
household, share a common emotional
bond, and perform certain interrelated
social task (Spradley and Allender, 2000)
 FAMILY
 is not only measured by blood but by bond.
 Living together having their own lifestyle and
sharing their own culture and traditions.
 Is the beginning of everything.
 It represents you and what you are.
 Is the one who embraces you in times of troubles
and can accept your imperfections.
 Is the foundation of who we are and what we have
become.
 Consists of people loving, caring, nurturing each
other.
FAMILY
 FUNCTIONS
Socialization of new family members
Regulation of members’ behaviour with
performance of expected roles
Adaptation to developmental transitions and
unexpected crises
Creation of environment for free expression by
FAMILY

members
Support and assistance for one another

Expression of loyalty to family

Participation in community activities

Involvement in problem solving and conflict
resolution
Acceptance of diversity among members
FAMILY TYPES
FAMILY TYPES
FAMILY FORMS
 Nuclear
family, defined as "the family of marriage,
parenthood, or procreation; composed of a
husband, wife, and their immediate children—natural,
adopted or both" (Friedman et al., 2003, p. 10);

 Dyad,consisting only of husband and wife, such as

newly married couples and “empty nesters”;

 Extendedfamily, consisting of three generations,

which may include married siblings and their families
and/or grandparents.
Family Forms (continued)
 Blended family, which results from a union where
one or both spouses bring a child or children from a
previous marriage into a new living arrangement;

 Compound family, where a man has more than one

spouse; approved by Philippine authorities only
among Muslims by virtue of Presidential Decree No.
1083, also known as the Code of Muslim Personal
Laws of the Philippines (Office of the President,
1977);
 Family Forms (continued)
 Cohabiting family, which is commonly described as a
“live-in” arrangement between an unmarried couple
who are called common-law spouses and their child
or children from such an arrangement; and

 Single
parent, which results from the death of a
spouse or both parents, separation, or pregnancy
outside of wedlock.
 Family Forms (continued)
 Gay or lesbian family is made up of a cohabiting
couple of the same sex who have a sexual relationship.
The homosexual family may or may not have children.
 Because the Family Code of the Philippines (Executive
Order No. 209) expressly states that marriage is a special
contract of permanent union between a man and a
woman entered into in accordance with law for the
establishment of conjugal and family life, same-sex
marriage is not legally acceptable.
FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
 FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
Family with preschool

•Adjusting to costs of family life

•Adapting to the needs of pre-
school children to stimulate
G&D
•Coping with parental loss of
energy and privacy
FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
 FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

Family with Teenagers

• Maintain communication among
members
• Supporting ethical and moral values
within the family
• Balancing freedom and responsibility
• Strengthening marital relationship
 FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

• Releasing young
adults with
Family appropriate ritual
launching and resistance
young • Maintaining
supportive home
adults base
FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
 Family Health Tasks
(from Friedman and Heinrich,
1981)
1. Recognizing interruptions of health or development.
2. Seeking health care.
3. Managing health and non-health crises.
4. Providing nursing care to sick, disabled or dependent
members of the family.
5. Maintaining a home environment conducive to good
health and personal development.
6. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the
community and its health institutions.
 Family as a Client
 Community health nursing has long viewed the
family as an important unit of health care, with
awareness that the individual can be best
understood within the social context of the family.

 Observing and inquiring about family interaction

enables the nurse in the community to assess the
influence of family members on each other.
 Characteristics of Healthy
Families
 Members interact with each other; they communicate and
listen repeatedly in many contexts.
 Healthy families can establish priorities. Members understand
that family needs are priority.
 Healthy families affirm, support, and respect each other.
 The members engage in flexible role relationships, share
power, respond to change, support the growth and
autonomy of others, and engage in decision making that
affects them.
 The family teaches family and societal values and beliefs
and shares a spiritual core.
 Healthy families foster responsibility and value service to
others.
 Healthy families have a sense of play and humor and share
leisure time.
 Healthy families have the ability to cope with stress and crisis
and grow from problems. They know when to seek help from
professionals.